How food pairing and leisure consumption occasions shape Sales channel marketing Strategies for Non-Alcoholic Ready-to-Drink Beverages in Vietnam
Nguyen Tran Bich Tram
Heineken Vietnam
https://doi.org/10.47191/jefms/v7-i12-06ABSTRACT:
This paper examines how food pairing consumption occasions (FCO) and leisure consumption occasions (LCO) shape sales channel marketing strategies for non-alcoholic ready-to-drink (NARTD) beverages in Vietnam. By analyzing consumption patterns across two primary settings—at-home (AH) and away-from-home (AFH)—the review highlights distinct channel selection and in-store activation strategies tailored to each context. Product availability and visibility at primary main shelf is crucial. For FCO, effective channel marketing prioritizes in-store activations, including ensuring product availability, cross-displays in food sections, bundled promotions with ready-to-eat meals, and offering single-serve packs for immediate consumption (AFH) or multi-serve/multi-pack options for meals AH. Conversely, LCO strategies focus on promoting single-serve packs for convenience and impulse purchases, leveraging cross-displays in snack zones, and implementing attractive bundle promotions for leisure activities. The findings emphasize the critical role of occasion-based marketing in transforming shoppers into buyers at the point of sale. By aligning channel strategies with specific consumption occasions and leveraging targeted sales touchpoints, brands can enhance consumer engagement and drive NARTD beverage sales. This paper provides actionable insights for marketers aiming to optimize their channel strategies through occasion-based approaches.
KEYWORDS:
Non-Alcoholic Ready-to-Drink beverages, occasion-based segmentation, Food pairing occasions, Leisure consumption occasions, retail marketing, channel marketing.
REFERENCES:
1) Abdillah, W. A., & Khaulani, D. G. (2020). The Effect of Co-Branding on Purchasing Decisions in the Indonesia Ice Cream Industry. Journal of Economicate Studies, 4(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.32506/joes.v4i1.648
2) Agustian, K., Hidayat, R., Zen, A., Sekarini, R. A., & Malik, A. J. (2023). The Influence of Influencer Marketing in Increasing Brand Awareness and Sales for SMEs. Technology and Society Perspectives (TACIT), 1(2), Article 2. a. https://doi.org/10.61100/tacit.v1i2.54
3) Ashdown-Franks, G., Vancampfort, D., Firth, J., Smith, L., Sabiston, C. M., Stubbs, B., & Koyanagi, A. (2019). Association of leisure-time sedentary behavior with fast food and carbonated soft drink consumption among 133,555 adolescents aged 12–15 years in 44 low- and middle-income countries. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 16(1), 35. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-019-0796-3
4) Berman, B. (2019). Flatlined: Combatting the death of retail stores. Business Horizons, 62(1), 75–82. a. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2018.08.006
5) Biswas, D. (2019). Sensory Aspects of Retailing: Theoretical and Practical Implications. Journal of Retailing, 95(4), 111–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretai.2019.12.001
6) Buy and Sell in Vietnam: Explore the customer behavior in 2023 and consumption trend in 2024 | Ezbuy Japan. (n.d.). Retrieved November 23, 2024, from https://ezbuy.jp/en/resource/blog/buy-and-sell-in-vietnam-2023-and-2024
7) Chao, D. R.-F. (n.d.). The Impact of Experimental Marketing on Customer Loyalty for Fitness Clubs: Using Brand Image and Satisfaction as the Mediating Variables.
8) Chawdhary, R., & Dall’Olmo Riley, F. (2015). Investigating the consequences of word of mouth from a WOM sender’s perspective in the services context. Journal of Marketing Management, 31(9–10), 1018–1039. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2015.1033443
9) Cheung, C. M. K., Lee, M. K. O., & Rabjohn, N. (2008). The impact of electronic word‐of‐mouth. Internet Research, 18(3), 229–247. https://doi.org/10.1108/10662240810883290
10) Chintala, S. C., Liaukonytė, J., & Yang, N. (2024). Browsing the Aisles or Browsing the App? How Online Grocery Shopping is Changing What We Buy. Marketing Science, 43(3), 506–522. https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2022.0292
11) Chua, B.-L., Karim, S., Lee, S., & Han, H. (2020). Customer Restaurant Choice: An Empirical Analysis of Restaurant Types and Eating-Out Occasions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17), Article 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176276
12) CID-Decision-Coca-Cola-Castel.pdf. (n.d.). Retrieved November 24, 2024, from https://comesacompetition.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/CID-Decision-Coca-Cola-Castel.pdf
13) Cornelsen, L., Berger, N., Cummins, S., & Smith, R. D. (2019). Socio-economic patterning of expenditures on ‘out-of-home’ food and non-alcoholic beverages by product and place of purchase in Britain. Social Science & Medicine, 235, 112361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112361
14) Customer-driven Bundle Promotion Optimization at Scale by Ali Fattahi, Yuexing Li, Ozge Sahin: SSRN. (n.d.). Retrieved November 25, 2024, from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4200758
15) Decoding the FMCG and Consumer Trends in Vietnam. (2023, May 10). NIQ. a. https://nielseniq.com/global/en/insights/analysis/2023/decoding-the-fmcg-and-consumer-trends-in-vietnam/
16) E-commerce keeps booming in Vietnam. (2024, April 25). Nhịp sống kinh tế Việt Nam & Thế giới. https://vneconomy.vn/e-commerce-keeps-booming-in-vietnam.htm
17) eCommerce—Vietnam | Statista Market Forecast. (n.d.). Statista. Retrieved November 23, 2024, from http://frontend.xmo.prod.aws.statista.com/outlook/emo/ecommerce/vietnam
18) Edirisinghe, G. S., & Munson, C. L. (2023). Strategic rearrangement of retail shelf space allocations: Using data insights to encourage impulse buying. Expert Systems with Applications, 216, 119442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2022.119442
19) Entering Vietnam’s Retail Market in 2023: An Overview. (2023, March 29). Vietnam Briefing News. https://www.vietnam-briefing.com/news/vietnam-retail-market.html/
20) Food and wine pairing: A sensory experience PDF. (n.d.). Retrieved November 26, 2024, from https://zlibrary.to/dl/food-and-wine-pairing-a-sensory-experience-1
21) Foster, K. D., Grigor, J. M. V., Cheong, J. N., Yoo, M. J. Y., Bronlund, J. E., & Morgenstern, M. P. (2011). The Role of Oral Processing in Dynamic Sensory Perception. Journal of Food Science, 76(2), R49–R61. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.02029.x
22) Ge, T. (2024). The Role of Emotional Value of Goods in Guiding Consumer Behaviour: A Case Study Based on Pop Mart. Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media, 54, 267–277. https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/54/20241623
23) Gea, N., Gea, J. B. I. J., Mendrofa, M. S. D., & Laia, O. (2024). Distribution Channel Analysis in Increasing Customer Satisfaction. Golden Ratio of Data in Summary, 4(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.52970/grdis.v4i2.644
24) Grebosz, M. (n.d.). The Outcomes of the Co-branding Strategy.
25) Gruen, T. W., Osmonbekov, T., & Czaplewski, A. J. (2006). eWOM: The impact of customer-to-customer online know-how exchange on customer value and loyalty. Journal of Business Research, 59(4), 449–456. a. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2005.10.004
26) Gupta, A., Sanwal, N., Bareen, M. A., Barua, S., Sharma, N., Joshua Olatunji, O., Prakash Nirmal, N., & Sahu, J. K. (2023). Trends in functional beverages: Functional ingredients, processing technologies, stability, health benefits, and consumer perspective. Food Research International, 170, 113046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113046
27) Hackley, C., & Tiwsakul, R. (2006). Entertainment Marketing and Experiential Consumption. Journal of Marketing Communications, 12(1), 63–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527260500358608
28) Haddad, A. J., Mondal, A., & Bhat, C. R. (2023). Eat-in or eat-out? A joint model to analyze the new landscape of dinner meal preferences. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 147, 104016. a. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2023.104016
29) Hardcastle, K., Edirisingha, P., Cook, P., & Sutherland, M. (2025). The co-existence of brand value co-creation and co-destruction across the customer journey in a complex higher education brand. Journal of Business Research, 186, 114979. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.114979
30) Jeong, E., & Jang, S. (Shawn). (2011). Restaurant experiences triggering positive electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) motivations. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(2), 356–366. a. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2010.08.005
31) Jin, N. (Paul), Line, N. D., & Lee, S.-M. (2017). The health conscious restaurant consumer: Understanding the experiential and behavioral effects of health concern. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(8), 2103–2120. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-03-2016-0170
32) Kim, W. G., Lee, S., & Lee, H. Y. (2007). Co-Branding and Brand Loyalty. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 8(2), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1300/J162v08n02_01
33) Krishna, A. (2012). An integrative review of sensory marketing: Engaging the senses to affect perception, judgment and behavior. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 22(3), 332–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2011.08.003
34) Kulbida, M., Kemps, E., Williamson, P., & Tiggemann, M. (2024). The role of decision-making and impulsivity in beverage consumption. Appetite, 195, 107233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2024.107233
35) Kumar, V., Ashraf, A. R., & Nadeem, W. (2024). AI-powered marketing: What, where, and how? International Journal of Information Management, 77, 102783. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2024.102783
36) Lahne, J. (2018). Chapter 4—Evaluation of Meals and Food Pairing. In G. Ares & P. Varela (Eds.), Methods in Consumer Research, Volume 2 (pp. 85–107). Woodhead Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-101743-2.00004-2
37) Lahne, J. (2019). 15—Food combinations and food and beverage combinations in meals. In H. L. Meiselman (Ed.), Context (pp. 307–321). Woodhead Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814495-4.00015-5
38) Malthouse, E. C., Haenlein, M., Skiera, B., Wege, E., & Zhang, M. (2013). Managing Customer Relationships in the Social Media Era: Introducing the Social CRM House. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 27(4), 270–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2013.09.008
39) Mandolfo, M., Bettiga, D., Lamberti, L., & Noci, G. (2022). Influence of Sales Promotion on Impulse Buying: A Dual Process Approach. Journal of Promotion Management, 28(8), 1212–1234. https://doi.org/10.1080/10496491.2022.2060415
40) Many Vietnamese spend more on drinks than main meals: Report—VnExpress International. (n.d.). Retrieved November 23, 2024, from https://e.vnexpress.net/news/business/data-speaks/many-vietnamese-spend-more-on-drinks-than-main-meals-report-4563606.html
41) Mattheus, J. C. (n.d.). THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SALES PROMOTION TECHNIQUES AND CONSUMER OFF-TAKE AND ATTITUDE WITHIN THE SA NON-ALCOHOLIC READY TO DRINK MARKET.
42) McNaughton, S. A., Pendergast, F. J., Worsley, A., & Leech, R. M. (2020). Eating occasion situational factors and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in young adults. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 17(1), 71. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-00975-y
43) Mueller Loose, S., & Jaeger, S. R. (2012). Factors that influence beverage choices at meal times. An application of the food choice kaleidoscope framework. Appetite, 59(3), 826–836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2012.08.023
44) Mulhern, T., & Duffy, D. (2004). Building loyalty at Things Remembered. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 21(1), 62–66. https://doi.org/10.1108/07363760410513978
45) Nakano, S. (2023). Customer demand concentration in online grocery retailing: Differences between online and physical store shopping baskets. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 62, 101336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2023.101336
46) Nilsson, E., Gärling, T., Marell, A., & Nordvall, A.-C. (2015). Who shops groceries where and how? – The relationship between choice of store format and type of grocery shopping. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 25(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593969.2014.940996
47) Non-Alcoholic Drinks—Vietnam | Statista Market Forecast. (n.d.). Statista. Retrieved November 23, 2024, from http://frontend.xmo.prod.aws.statista.com/outlook/cmo/non-alcoholic-drinks/vietnam
48) OOH spend lifts across drinks and snacks – without harming take-home sales. (n.d.). Retrieved November 24, 2024, from https://www.kantar.com/inspiration/fmcg/ooh-spend-lifts-across-drinks-and-snacks-without-harming-take-home-sales
49) Optimism for Vietnam’s economy remains high in 2023 | McKinsey. (n.d.). Retrieved November 23, 2024, from https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/asia-pacific/vietnamese-consumers-are-coming-of-age-in-2023-how-businesses-can-stay-ahead
50) Overview. (n.d.). [Text/HTML]. World Bank. Retrieved November 23, 2024, from a. https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/vietnam/overview
51) Page, B., Trinh, G., & Bogomolova, S. (2019). Comparing two supermarket layouts: The effect of a middle aisle on basket size, spend, trip duration and endcap use. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 47, 49–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2018.11.001
52) Papies, E. K., Claassen, M. A., Rusz, D., & Best, M. (2022). Flavors of desire: Cognitive representations of appetitive stimuli and their motivational implications. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 151(8), 1919–1941. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001157
53) (PDF) The Impact of Senses on Purchasing Decisions: Research on F&B Products at Service Points. (2024). ResearchGate. https://doi.org/10.54404/jts.2021.9.04.06
54) Phát triển thanh niên. (n.d.). UNFPA Vietnam. Retrieved November 23, 2024, from https://vietnam.unfpa.org/vi/topics/ph%C3%A1t-tri%E1%BB%83n-thanh-ni%C3%AAn
55) Poelman, M. P., Eyles, H., Dunford, E., Schermel, A., L’Abbe, M. R., Neal, B., Seidell, J. C., Steenhuis, I. H., & Mhurchu, C. N. (2016). Package size and manufacturer-recommended serving size of sweet beverages: A cross-sectional study across four high-income countries. Public Health Nutrition, 19(6), 1008–1016. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980015001974
56) Reimers, V., & Chao, F. (2014). The role of convenience in a recreational shopping trip. European Journal of Marketing, 48(11/12), 2213–2236. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-12-2012-0734
57) Report: Vietnam FMCG Outlook 2024—Vietnamese—Kantar Worldpanel. (n.d.). Retrieved November 23, 2024, from https://www.kantarworldpanel.com/vn/news/vietnam-fmcg-outlook-2024
58) Retail evolution: Adapting to dynamic retail landscape—Vietnamese—Kantar Worldpanel. (n.d.). Retrieved November 23, 2024, from https://www.kantarworldpanel.com/vn/news/retail-evolution-vietnam-2023
59) Rodger, A., Wehbe, L. H., & Papies, E. K. (2021). “I know it’s just pouring it from the tap, but it’s not easy”: Motivational processes that underlie water drinking. Appetite, 164, 105249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105249
60) Romaniuk, J., & Nenycz-Thiel, M. (2013). Behavioral brand loyalty and consumer brand associations. Journal of Business Research, 66(1), 67–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.07.024
61) Samotyja, U., & Sielicka-Różyńska, M. (2021). How date type, freshness labelling and food category influence consumer rejection. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 45(3), 441–455. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12634
62) Sharma, A. (2001). Consumer decision-making, salespeople’s adaptive selling and retail performance. Journal of Business Research, 54(2), 125–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(99)00090-9
63) Soba, M., & Aydin, M. (2013). Product Placement Efficiency in Marketing Communication Strategy. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(12), Article 12. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v8n12p111
64) Sook-Fern Yeo, Cheng-Ling Tan, Kah-Boon Lim, & Yong-Hwi Khoo. (2020). Product Packaging: Impact on Customers’ Purchase Intention. International Journal of Business and Society, 21(2), 857–864. a. https://doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.3298.2020
65) Spence, C. (2020). Food and beverage flavour pairing: A critical review of the literature. Food Research International, 133, 109124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109124
66) Sun, B., Zhang, Y., & Zheng, L. (2023). Relationship between time pressure and consumers’ impulsive buying—Role of perceived value and emotions. Heliyon, 9(12), e23185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23185
67) Survey reveals shifts in Vietnamese shopper habits. (n.d.). Vietnamnews.Vn. Retrieved November 24, 2024, from https://vietnamnews.vn/economy/1658188/survey-reveals-shifts-in-vietnamese-shopper-habits.html
68) Taste: The most important driver of brand equity, and key contributor to resiliency. (n.d.). Retrieved November 25, 2024, from https://www.kantar.com/north-america/inspiration/brands/taste-the-most-important-driver-of-brand-equity-and-key-contributor-to-resiliency
69) The Evolving Convenience-Store Consumer. (2021, January 8). BCG Global. a. https://www.bcg.com/publications/2014/retail-marketing-sales-evolving-convenience-store-consumer
70) The new faces of the Vietnamese consumer | McKinsey. (n.d.). Retrieved November 23, 2024, from https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/future-of-asia/the-new-faces-of-the-vietnamese-consumer
71) Tireki, S. (2021). A review on packed non-alcoholic beverages: Ingredients, production, trends and future opportunities for functional product development. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 112, 442–454. a. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.058
72) Tổng quan thị trường nước giải khát Việt Nam—Tititada. (n.d.). Retrieved November 23, 2024, from https://tititada.com/academy/tai-chinh-doanh-nghiep/tong-quan-thi-truong-nuoc-giai-khat-viet-nam
73) Tran, N. R., Leech, R. M., & McNaughton, S. A. (2024). Contextual factors influence food intake at eating occasions in young adults: A mixed effect analysis. Appetite, 203, 107722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2024.107722
74) Understanding Customer Experience Throughout the Customer Journey—Katherine N. Lemon, Peter C. Verhoef, 2016. (n.d.). Retrieved November 26, 2024, from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1509/jm.15.0420
75) van Nee, R. L., Mulder, F., van Kleef, E., & van Trijp, H. C. M. (2024). Effects of increased availability and economic incentives on preadolescents’ healthier beverages choices: An experimental study. Appetite, 203, 107714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2024.107714
76) Venkatesan, R., Farris, P., Guissoni, L. A., & Neves, M. F. (2015). Consumer Brand Marketing through Full- and Self-Service Channels in an Emerging Economy. Journal of Retailing, 91(4), 644–659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretai.2015.04.003
77) Vietnam’s Food Delivery Services Sector: An Overview. (n.d.). Retrieved November 23, 2024, from https://www.vietnam-briefing.com/news/vietnams-food-delivery-services-sector-opportunities-and-challenges.html/
78) Vietnam’s Middle Class: Size, Consumer Trends, & Business Opportunities. (2024, July 5). Vietnam Briefing News. https://www.vietnam-briefing.com/news/understanding-vietnams-middle-class-size-spending-patterns-and-opportunities-for-businesses.html/
79) Vn-cb-retail-in-vietnam-2022.pdf. (n.d.). Retrieved November 23, 2024, from a. https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/vn/Documents/consumer-business/vn-cb-retail-in-vietnam-2022.pdf
80) VnExpress. (n.d.). Moving out a rising trend among Vietnamese youth—VnExpress International. VnExpress International – Latest News, Business, Travel and Analysis from Vietnam. Retrieved November 23, 2024, from https://e.vnexpress.net/news/trend/moving-out-a-rising-trend-among-vietnamese-youth-4651144.html
81) Wakefield, K. L., & Inman, J. J. (2003). Situational price sensitivity: The role of consumption occasion, social context and income. Journal of Retailing, 79(4), 199–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretai.2003.09.004
82) Wu, J., Kim, A., & Koo, J. (2015). Co-design visual merchandising in 3D virtual stores: A facet theory approach. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 43(6), 538–560. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-03-2014-0030
83) Wu, Y., Xin, L., Li, D., Yu, J., & Guo, J. (2021). How does scarcity promotion lead to impulse purchase in the online market? A field experiment. Information & Management, 58(1), 103283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2020.103283
84) Zhuang, G., Tsang, A. S. L., Zhou, N., Li, F., & Nicholls, J. A. F. (2006). Impacts of situational factors on buying decisions in shopping malls: An empirical study with multinational data. European Journal of Marketing, 40(1/2), 17–43. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560610637293