Impact of Board Size, Media Exposure & Green Investment on Post- COVID-19 Carbon Emission Disclosure in Indonesia
1Nur Icmiati Karim, 2Agung Nur Probohudono
1,2Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Business, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia
https://doi.org/10.47191/jefms/v7-i12-25ABSTRACT:
This study examines carbon emission disclosure in Indonesian companies that publish annual reports and sustainability reports and are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) for the period 2021-2022. The research data consisted of 99 companies selected using purposive sampling. The independent variables are board size, media exposure, and green investment. Analysis using the SPSS program with results shows board size, media exposure, and green investment are significantly associated with carbon emission disclosure. This research is reinforced by the theory of legitimacy. Carbon emission disclosure is measured using a scoring checklist of 5 items developed by the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP). The board size measured by summing up the total council of commissioners per year in a company, the measurement of media exposure is seen from the number of publications about the company published in the media, and green investment is measured using the PROPER rating by the Ministry of Environment. The findings in this study are expected to be the material for companies trying to reduce carbon emissions as well as the company's policy-related improvement material.
KEYWORDS:
Board Size, Media Exposure, Green Investment, CED, Legitimation
REFERENCES:
1) Afni, Z., Gani, L., Djakman, C. D., & Sauki, E. (2018). “The Effect of Green Strategy and Green Investment Toward Carbon Emission Disclosure”. The International Journal of Business Review (The Jobs Review), Vol. 1 No. 2, 97–112. https://doi.org/10.17509/tjr.v1i2.13879
2) Agustina, C., & Tarigan, J. (2016). “Perilaku Pemilik atas Isu Manajemen Lingkungan dilihat dari Sektor, Regional dan Ukuran Perusahaan”. Akuntansi Bisnis Universitas Kristen Petra, Vol. 4, No. 1.
3) Alfariz, R., & Widiastuti, H. (2021). “The Influence of Media Exposure, Managerial Ownership, and the Indonesia Sustainability Reporting Award on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Disclosure”. Advances in Economics, Business, and Management Research. Vol. 176. https://doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.210121.036
4) Amin, M. H., Mohamed, E. K. A., & Elragal, A. (2021). “CSR disclosure on Twitter: Evidence from the UK”. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 40, 100500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accinf.2021.100500
5) Astuti, T. A., & Setiany, E. (2021). “The Effect of Board Characteristics on Carbon Emission Disclosure”. In the International Journal of Management Studies and Social Science Research. Vol. 207. www.ijmsssr.org
6) Ayu Laksani, S., Andesto, R., & Jaya Kirana, D. (2020). “Carbon Emission Disclosure Ditinjau dari Nilai Perusahaan, Leverage dan Media Exposure”. Studi Akuntansi Dan Keuangan Indonesia. Vol. 3 No. 2.
7) Choi, B. B., Lee, D., & Psaros, J. (2013). An analysis of Australian company carbon emission disclosures. Pacific Accounting Review, 25(1), 58–79. https://doi.org/10.1108/01140581311318968
8) Deegan, C. (2002). “Introduction: The legitimizing effect of social and environmental disclosures – a theoretical foundation”. In Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal. Vol. 15. Issue 3 (282–311). https://doi.org/10.1108/09513570210435852
9) Ebaid, I. E.-S. (2022). “Corporate governance mechanisms and corporate social responsibility disclosure: evidence from an emerging market”. Journal of Global Responsibility, 13(4), 396–420. https://doi.org/10.1108/JGR-12-2021-0105
10) Gahramanova, G., & Furtuna, Ö. K. (2023). “Corporate climate change disclosures and capital structure strategies: evidence from Türkiye”. Journal of Capital Markets Studies, Vol. 7 No. 2, 140–155. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCMS-10-2023- 0039
11) Ghozali, I. (2020). “25 Grand Theory, Teori Besar Ilmu Manajemen, Akuntansi dan Bisnis”. Yoga Prata.
12) Grediani, E., Hanny Yustrianthe, R., & Niandari, N. (2020). “Pengaruh Corporate Governance terhadap Pengungkapan Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca dengan Peran Audit Internal sebagai Pemoderasi”. In Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi. Vol. 5 Issue 2.
13) Irwhantoko, I., & Basuki, B. (2016). “Carbon Emission Disclosure: Studi pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Indonesia”. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 18(2). https://doi.org/10.9744/jak.18.2.92-104
14) Jaya, M. O. M., & Nugraheni, B. D. (2024). “Pengaruh Kinerja Lingkungan dan Pengungkapan Emisi Karbon Terhadap Kineraja Keuangan Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia”. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Akuntansi, 13 No. 1.
15) Kılıç, M., & Kuzey, C. (2019). “The effect of corporate governance on carbon emission disclosures”. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, Vol.11 No. 1, 35–53. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCCSM-07-2017-0144
16) Kurnia, P., Emrinaldi Nur, D. P., & Putra, A. A. (2021). “Carbon emission disclosure and firm value: A study of manufacturing firms in Indonesia and Australia”. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Vol. 11 No. 2, 83–87. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.10730
17) Magalhães, N. (2021). “The green investment paradigm: Another headlong rush”. Ecological Economics, 190, 107209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107209
18) Mulyati, R., & Darmawati, D. (2023). “The impact of green investment, media coverage, and international sales on carbon emission disclosure with the audit committee as the moderating variable”. In Enrichment: Journal of Management. Vol. 13, Issue 1. https://doi.org/10.35335/enrichment.v13i1.1311
19) Nasih, M., Harymawan, I., Paramitasari, Y. I., & Handayani, A. (2019). “Carbon emissions, firm size, and corporate governance structure: Evidence from the mining and agricultural industries in Indonesia”. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11092483
20) Nastiti, A., & Hardiningsih, P. (2022). “Determinan Pengungkapan Emisi Karbon. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi dan Keuangan”, Vol 4 No 5.
21) Nathalia, C., & Setiawan, D. (2022). “Does board capital improve climate change disclosures?”. Cogent Business and Management, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2121242
22) Nguyen, K. T. A., Mai, K. N., & Cao, M. M. (2021). “Investigating the relationship between CSR and financial performance based on corporate reputation: evidence from Vietnamese enterprises”. Global Business and Economics Review, 24(2), 107. https://doi.org/10.1504/GBER.2021.113118
23) Nguyen, X. P., Hoang, A. T., Ölçer, A. I., & Huynh, T. T. (2021). “Record decline in global CO2 emissions prompted by COVID- 19 pandemic and its implications on future climate change policies”. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2021.1879969
24) Nuraini, Azmi, Z., & Mirsal. (2021). “Determinants of Disclosure of Carbon Emissions in the Financial Statements of Manufacturing Companies Listed on the IDX for the Period 2018-2019”.
25) Nurjanah, I. A., & Herawaty, V. (2022). “Pengaruh Corporate Governance Dan Media Exposure Terhadap Carbon Emission Disclosure Dengan Kinerja Lingkungan Sebagai Variabel Moderasi. Jurnal Ekonomi Trisakti, 2(2), 1261–1272. https://doi.org/10.25105/jet.v2i2.14637
26) Pangestu, J. C., & Hati, D. P. (2024). “Determinan Pengungkapan Emisi Karbon Perusahaan Sektor Energi di BEI Periode 2020-2022”. Jurnal Ekonomi Bisnis, Manajemen Dan Akuntansi (Jebma), Vol. 04 No. 01.
27) https://doi.org/doi.org/jebma.v4n1.3658
28) Pratama, Y. M. (2021). “Analisis Determinan Pengungkapan Emisi Karbon di Indonesia”. MODUS, Vol. 33 No. 2, 120–137. https://doi.org/10.24002/modus.v33i2.4644
29) Ramadhani, K., & Astuti, C. D. (2023). “Pengaruh Green Strategy Dan Green Investment Terhadap Carbon Emission Disclosure Dengan Media Exposure Sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi”. Jurnal Informasi, Perpajakan, Akuntansi, Dan Keuangan Publik, 18(2), 323–338. https://doi.org/10.25105/jipak.v18i2.17244
30) Shen, Y., Su, Z.-W., Malik, M. Y., Umar, M., Khan, Z., & Khan, M. (2021). “Does green investment, financial development and natural resources rent limit carbon emissions? A provincial panel analysis of China”. Science of The Total Environment, 755, 142538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142538
31) Soewarno, N., Tjahjadi, B., & Fithrianti, F. (2019). “Green innovation strategy and green innovation”. Management Decision, 57(11), 3061–3078. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-05-2018-0563
32) Sukmawati, Y. T. (2023). “Pengaruh Media Exposure Dan Kinerja Lingkungan Terhadap Pengungkapan Emisi Karbon”. Fidiana Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Indonesia (STIESIA) Surabaya.
33) Syabilla, D., Wijayanti, A., & Fahria, R. (2021). “Pengaruh Investasi Hijau dan Keragaman Dewan Direksi Terhadap Pengungkapan Emisi Karbon”. KORELASI Konferensi Riset Nasional Ekonomi, Manajemen, dan Akuntansi. Vol. 2. 1171- 1186
34) Tamburino, L., Cafaro, P., & Bravo, G. (2023). “An Analysis of Three Decades of Increasing Carbon Emissions: The Weight of the P Factor.” Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043245
35) Trufvisa, U. S., & Ardiyanto, M. D. (2019). “Pengaruh Karakteristik Dewan Komisaris Terhadap Pengungkapan Emisi Karbon”. Diponegoro Journal Of Accounting, 8(1). http://ejournal-s1.undip.ac.id/index.php/accounting
36) Wen, J., Zhang, S., Chang, C. P., Anugrah, D. F., & Affandi, Y. (2023). “Does climate vulnerability promote green investment under energy supply restrictions?”. Energy Economics, 124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2023.106790
37) Wirawan, J., & Setiyaningsih, H. T. (2022). “Analisis Pengungkapan Emisi Karbon Di Indonesia”. Jurnal Muara Ilmu Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 6(1), 235. https://doi.org/10.24912/jmieb.v6i1.18398
38) Yanto, H., Rofiah, A., & Bahlawan, Z. A. S. (2019). “Environmental Performance and Carbon Emission Disclosures: A Case of Indonesian Manufacturing Companies”. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1387(1), 012005. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1387/1/012005
39) Yolanda, Popi., Sudiyanto, Totok., & Oktariansyah. (2024). “Pengaruh Jaminan, Profitabilitas dan Laporan Keberlanjutan terhadap Nilai Pasar pada Perusahaan Sub Sektor Pertambangan Minyak dan Gas Bumi di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2016-2020”. Jurnal Media Akuntansi, Vol. 6 No. 2.