The Influence of Servant Leadership and Motivation on Employee Performance with Organizational Culture as a Mediating Variable
1Susi Indriyani, 2Habibullah Jimad, 3Nova Mardiana
1,2,3Master of Management University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
https://doi.org/10.47191/jefms/v8-i3-41ABSTRACT:
The role of Human Resources (HR) is crucial and strategic in achieving organizational goals; therefore, organizations must pay close attention to employee performance. PDAM Way Rilau Bandar Lampung is currently facing various challenges in improving employee performance, particularly in meeting demands for optimal public service. To remain competitive, the company must not only maintain but also enhance service quality. Servant leadership, which focuses on employee service and development, plays a vital role in increasing motivation and responsibility at work. This study aims to analyze the influence of servant leadership and motivation on employee performance, with organizational culture as a mediating variable. The research was conducted using a simple random sampling method, employing a probability sampling technique, with a total sample of 220 employees across various departments. Primary data was collected through questionnaires, and the data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS software. The findings support hypotheses 1, 2, 3, and 4, revealing that servant leadership has a positive and significant impact on employee performance, motivation positively and significantly affects employee performance, organizational culture mediates the effect of servant leadership on employee performance, and organizational culture mediates the effect of motivation on employee performance. Based on these findings, several recommendations are proposed: to enhance servant leadership, the company should improve leadership communication skills to ensure clearer information delivery; to strengthen employee motivation, management should emphasize the significance of employees' roles in achieving organizational success; to reinforce organizational culture, the company should foster a sense of teamwork through collaborative activities; and to enhance employee performance, greater attention should be given to work planning and employee development programs.
KEYWORDS:
Servant Leadership, Motivation, Organizational Culture, Employee Performance
REFERENCES:
1) Alipio, M., Cruz, J. P., & Ramirez, K. (2023). The mediating role of organizational culture in servant leadership and organizational performance: A study in emerging markets. Journal of Business Ethics, 172(3), 459-478.
2) Almutairi, D. O., Alharbi, F. A., & Saeed, A. A. (2020). Servant leadership and organizational trust: The mediating role of organizational culture. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 41(5), 678-694.
3) Bagga, T., Gupta, S., & Sharma, P. (2023). Understanding organizational culture: An integrative review and future research directions. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 44(2), 210-228.
4) Denison, D. R., & Mishra, A. K. (1995). Toward a theory of organizational culture and effectiveness. Organization Science, 6(2), 204-223.
5) Garengo, P., & Sardi, A. (2020). Performance measurement systems in SMEs: A review for research and practice. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 69(5), 1023-1055.
6) Gibson, J. L., Ivancevich, J. M.,&Donnelly,J. H.(2000). Organizations:Behavior, structure, processes(10th ed.).McGraw-Hill.
7) Gökalp, C., & Soran, S. (2022). The impact of leadership style on employee performance: The mediating role of organizational culture. International Journal of Business Research, 28(4), 123-145.
8) Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2021). Multivariate data analysis (8th ed.). Cengage Learning.
9) Herzberg, F. (1959). The motivation to work (2nd ed.). Wiley.
10) Janbeik, R. (2019). Performance indicators and their impact on employee effectiveness in modern organizations. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 9(2), 55-74.
11) Kanfer, R. (2005). Work motivation: Theory, practice, and future directions. Annual Review of Psychology, 56, 267- 297.
12) Koopmans, L. (2011). Measuring individual work performance: A review and framework for research. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32(3), 462-484.
13) Lango, P., Smith, R., & Harrison, T. (2024). The role of organizational culture in mediating leadership style and employee performance. Journal of Leadership Studies, 50(1), 35-52.
14) Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J., Zhao, H., & Henderson, D. (2008). Servant leadership: Development of a multidimensional measure and multi-level assessment. The Leadership Quarterly, 19(2), 161-177.
15) Luxi, X., Zhang, Y., & Chen, L. (2024). The impact of servant leadership on team performance and innovation capability: A meta-analysis approach. Leadership & Organizational Behavior Journal, 29(1), 85-102.
16) Maslow, A. H. (1954). Motivation and personality. Harper & Row.
17) Priansa, D. J. (2014). Perencanaan dan pengembangan sumber daya manusia. Pustaka Setia.
18) Raúl, P. J., Martinez, L. R., & Hernandez, D. (2024). Motivation and employee performance: The mediating role of organizational culture. Human Resource Management Review, 34(1), 78-92.
19) Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2019). Organizational behavior (18th ed.). Pearson.
20) Santos, J. R., Velez, J. M., & Murillo, A. L. (2018). Employee performance evaluation: A critical analysis of contemporary methodologies. International Journal of Management Science, 14(3), 200-218.
21) Schein, E. H. (2010). Organizational culture and leadership (4th ed.). Jossey-Bass.
22) Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business: A skill-building approach (7th ed.). Wiley.
23) Sugiyono. (2019). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta.
24) Taherdoost, H. (2016). Sampling methods in research methodology: How to choose a sampling technique for research. International Journal of Academic Research in Management, 5(2), 18-27.
25) Van Dierendonck, D., & Nuijten, I. (2010). The servant leadership survey: Development and validation of a multidimensional measure. Journal of Business and Psychology, 25(3), 349-367.
26) Virgiawan, R., Hidayat, R., & Prasetyo, A. (2021). Transformational leadership, motivation, and employee performance: The mediating effect of organizational culture. Indonesian Journal of Management Studies, 10(3), 112- 130.