Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Financial Performance in the Healthcare Industry in Vietnam
1Pham Tien Manh, 2Tran Thu Phuong, 3Dinh Thi Thu Tra
1Banking Academy of Vietnam,
2,3International School of Banking Academy, Banking Academy, Hanoi, Vietnam
https://doi.org/10.47191/jefms/v7-i8-36
ABSTRACT:
This study aims to understand the relationship between corporate social responsibility and the financial performance of companies in the healthcare sector in Vietnam. The sample size of the study is 242, including data collected from 22 listed companies in the healthcare industry in Vietnam, during the period from 2012 to 2022. By using Stata software research methods and tests, research results show that corporate governance, human rights, and community have a significant impact on the financial performance of healthcare businesses in Vietnam, while employee relations and environment have no impact on financial performance. From there, this study makes several recommendations that healthcare companies should have reasonable regulations to adjust the gender balance on the board of directors and develop a code of ethics on human rights associated with CSR activities, thereby implementing training programs to improve the quality of human resources, and needing to allocate investment costs in production technologies appropriately to optimize operating performance and profits of the business.
KEYWORDS:
Corporate Social Responsibility,Financial performance, Healthcare industry Vietnam
REFERENCES:
1) Andi, K., Isnaeni, R. and Widiyanti, A. (2019). THE EFFECT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL PERFORMANCE ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE WITH FIRM SIZE AS A CONTROL VARIABLE. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 7(4), pp.651–658. doi:https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7485.
2) Arco‐Castro, L., López‐Pérez, M.V., Pérez‐López, M.C. and Rodríguez‐Ariza, L. (2020). How market value relates to corporate philanthropy and its assurance. The moderating effect of the business sector. Business Ethics: A European Review, 29(2), pp.266–281. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12264.
3) Aritonang, D.R. and Rahardja, L. (2022). The Influence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on the Financial Performance of Non-Cyclical and Basic Materials Consumer Companies. International Journal of Digital Entrepreneurship and Business, 3(2). doi:https://doi.org/10.52238/ideb.v3i2.96.
4) Atmeh, M., Shaban, M. and Alsharairi, M. (2020). Corporate Social Responsibility: Motives and Financial Performance. International Journal of Financial Studies, 8(4), p.76. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs8040076.
5) Aziz, M.F. and Haron, R. (2021). Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure and Financial Performance of Shariah PLCS in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(6). doi:https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v11-i6/10155.
6) Bag, S. and Omrane, A. (2020). Corporate Social Responsibility and Its Overall Effects on Financial Performance: Empirical Evidence from Indian Companies. Journal of African Business, 23(1), pp.1–17. a. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15228916.2020.1826884.
7) Bird, R., Duppati, G. and Mukherjee, A. (2016). Corporate social responsibility and firm market performance: a study of Indian listed companies. International Journal of Business Governance and Ethics, 11(1), p.68. a. doi:https://doi.org/10.1504/ijbge.2016.076351.
8) Cavaco, S. and Crifo, P. (2014). CSR and financial performance: complementarity between environmental, social and business behaviours. Applied Economics, 46(27), pp.3323–3338. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2014.927572.
9) Cherian, J., Umar, M., Thu, P., Nguyen-Trang, T., Sial, M. and Khuong, N. (2019). Does Corporate Social Responsibility Affect the Financial Performance of the Manufacturing Sector? Evidence from an Emerging Economy. Sustainability, 11(4), p.1182. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su11041182.
10) Cho, S., Chung, C. and Young, J. (2019). Study on the Relationship between CSR and Financial Performance. Sustainability, [online] 11(2), p.343. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su11020343.
11) Devie, D., Liman, L.P., Tarigan, J. and Jie, F. (2019). Corporate social responsibility, financial performance and risk in Indonesian natural resources industry. Social Responsibility Journal, 16(1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/srj-06-2018-0155.
12) Fabac, R., Calopa, M. and Sestanj-Perić, T. (2016). Relationship between CSR and Financial Performance - Companies within ZSE CROBEX10® Index. The Journal of Corporate Governance, Insurance, and Risk Management (JCGIRM), [online] 3(1), pp.163–177. Available at: https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=974097.
13) Fwamba, R. (2017). Influence of financial management practice on financial performance of sugar manufacturing companies in Kenya.
14) García‐Sánchez, I. and Araújo‐Bernardo, C. (2019). What colour is the corporate social responsibility report? Structural visual rhetoric, impression management strategies, and stakeholder engagement. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1869.
15) Heyward, C. (2020). Council Post: The Growing Importance Of Social Responsibility In Business. [online] Forbes. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesbusinesscouncil/2020/11/18/the-growing-importance-of-social-responsibility-in-business/?sh=3228f5952283 [Accessed 19 Feb. 2024].
16) Ho, T. and Yekini, L. (2014). Investigating the link between CSR and Financial performance – Evidence from Vietnamese listed companies. British Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, 17(1).
17) Homayoun, S., Mashayekhi, B., Jahangard, A., Samavat, M. and Rezaee, Z. (2023). The Controversial Link between CSR and Financial Performance: The Mediating Role of Green Innovation. Sustainability, [online] 15(13), p.10650. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310650.
18) Hossain, M., Chowdhury, M.H., Evans, R. and Lema, A.C. (2015). THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND CORPORATE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM A DEVELOPING COUNTRY. Corporate Ownership & Control, 12(3).
19) Hou, T.C.-T. (2018). The relationship between corporate social responsibility and sustainable financial performance: firm-level evidence from Taiwan. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 26(1), pp.19–28. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1647.
20) International Trade Administration (2021). Vietnam - Healthcare. [online] International Trade Administration. Available at: https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/vietnam-healthcare.
21) Jayachandran, S., Kalaignanam, K. and Eilert, M. (2013). Product and environmental social performance: Varying effect on firm performance. Strategic Management Journal, 34(10), pp.1255–1264. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2054.
22) Kamatra, N. and Kartikaningdyah, E. (2015). Effect Corporate Social Responsibility on Financial Performance. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, [online] 5(1), pp.157–164. Available at: a. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ijefi/issue/31972/352274.
23) Kludacz-Alessandri, M. and Cygańska, M. (2021). Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance among Energy Sector Companies. Energies, 14(19), p.6068. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/en14196068.
24) Lee, Y.-H. and Yang, L.T.-Y. (2021). Corporate social responsibility and financial performance: a case study based in Taiwan. Applied Economics, 53(23), pp.2661–2670. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2020.1866158.
25) Lin, L., Hung, P.-H., Chou, D.-W. and Lai, C.W. (2019). Financial performance and corporate social responsibility: Empirical evidence from Taiwan. Asia Pacific Management Review, 24(1), pp.61–71. a. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2018.07.001.
26) Liu, Y., Saleem, S., Shabbir, R., Shabbir, M.S., Irshad, A. and Khan, S. (2021). The relationship between corporate social responsibility and financial performance: a moderate role of fintech technology. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(16). doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11822-9.
27) Luther, D. (2023). Financial Performance Defined. [online] Oracle NetSuite. Available at: a. https://www.netsuite.com/portal/resource/articles/financial-management/financial-performance.shtml.
28) Nawaiseh, M.E. (2015). Do Firm Size and Financial Performance Affect Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure: Employees’ and Environmental Dimensions? American Journal of Applied Sciences.
29) Nayak, U. and Patjoshi, P.K. (2020). Effect of CSR Contribution on Financial Performance: A Study on Automobile Companies of India. International Journal of Modern Agriculture, 9(3).
30) Ngo, Q. and Le, T. (2023). Role of corporate social responsibility on firm performance in emerging economy: The mediating role of access to finance and business model innovation. Taylor&Francis Online, 10(2). doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2232585.
31) Ojo, O., Ojo, O.D. and Onewo, T. (2020). Relationship between profit after tax and corporate social responsibility expenditure in selected banks and manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The Journal of Economic Research & Business Administration, 134(4). doi:https://doi.org/10.26577/be.2020.v134.i4.03.
32) Okafor, A., Adeleye, B.N. and Adusei, M. (2021). Corporate social responsibility and financial performance: Evidence from U.S tech firms. Journal of Cleaner Production, 292(1), p.126078. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126078.
33) Rahman, A. and Naveed, D. (2022). Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Financial Performance: A Case Study of Petroleum Industry of Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Management Sciences, [online] 3(1), pp.55–67. Available at: https://www.ijbms.org/index.php/ijbms/article/view/119/99 [Accessed 21 Feb. 2024].
34) Rasheed, A., Mukhtar, Z. and Jamil, M.N. (2022). Corporate Social Responsibility impacts sustainable organizational growth (firm performance): An empirical analysis of Pakistan stock exchange-listed firms. Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research). doi:https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245428.
35) Sahraou, W. and Kaboré, R. (2021). The relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and performance: the moderating effect of financial leverage. [online] Available at: https://hal.science/hal-03503462.
36) Sekhon, A.K. and Kathuria, L.M. (2019). Analyzing the impact of corporate social responsibility on corporate financial performance: evidence from top Indian firms. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/cg-04-2019-0135.
37) Singh, A. and Chakraborty, M. (2021). Does CSR disclosure influence financial performance of firms? Evidence from an emerging economy. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, 12(4), pp.788–810. a. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/sampj-02-2018-0042.
38) Singh, S., Kabir, R. and Huang, X. (2014). MASTER THESIS Business Administration -Financial Management Impact of corporate social responsibility disclosure on the financial performance of firms in UK. [online] Available at: https://essay.utwente.nl/65014/1/Singh_MA_MB.pdf.
39) Szegedi, K., Khan, Y. and Lentner, C. (2020). Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance: Evidence from Pakistani Listed Banks. Sustainability, 12(10), p.4080. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104080.
40) Tehemar, S.Z. (2012). Corporate Social Responsibility in Healthcare. [online] Health Works Collective. Available at: https://www.healthworkscollective.com/corporate-social-responsibility-healthcare-sectors/#google_vignette [Accessed 19 Feb. 2024].
41) Tran, N. (2023). Tổng quan thị trường chăm sóc sức khỏe Việt Nam năm 2022. [online] https://viracresearch.com/. Available at: https://viracresearch.com/thi-truong-cham-soc-suc-khoe-viet-nam-lieu-co-tiem-nang-tang-truong-cao/.
42) Trung Nguyen (2023). Healthcare in Vietnam: Challenges and innovations | Doctor có sẵn. [online] www.docosan.com. Available at: https://www.docosan.com/blog/en/healthcare-in-vietnam/healthcare-in-vietnam/ [Accessed 25 Feb. 2024].
43) Tuyet, A. (2022). Năm 2022 dự chi thường xuyên cho lĩnh vực y tế trên 120.000 tỷ đồng. [online] Nhịp sống kinh tế Việt Nam & Thế giới. Available at: https://vneconomy.vn/techconnect//nam-2022-du-chi-thuong-xuyen-cho-linh-vuc-y-te-tren-120-000-ty-dong.htm [Accessed 25 Feb. 2024].
44) Vatsa, G. (2023). Importance of Corporate Social Responsibility: Creating Positive Impact Through Business. [online] www.linkedin.com. Available at: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/importance-corporate-social-responsibility-creating-impact-magazine/.
45) Vikas, S. (2023). How Corporate Social Responsibility helps a Country’s Economy? [online] www.linkedin.com. Available at: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/how-corporate-social-responsibility-helps-countrys-economy-sheorain/.
46) Wagle, S. (2020). Corporate Social Responsibility on Firms’ Financial Performance: Evidence of Banking Sectors of Nepal. Journal of Balkumari College, 9(1).
47) Wan Ahamed, W.S., Almsafir, M.K. and Al-Smadi, A.W. (2014). Does Corporate Social Responsibility Lead to Improve in Firm Financial Performance? Evidence from Malaysia. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 6(3). doi:https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v6n3p126.
48) Waworuntu, S.R., Wantah, M.D. and Rusmanto, T. (2014). CSR and Financial Performance Analysis: Evidence from Top ASEAN Listed Companies. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, [online] 164, pp.493–500. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.11.107.
49) Xie, S. (2015). Corporate Social Responsibility and Firm Performance: OLS and Granger Causality Analysis. SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2598384.
50) Zhang, J. and Liu, Z. (2023). The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Financial Performance and Brand Value. Sustainability, 15(24), pp.16864–16864. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su152416864.