JEFMS Journal

Google Scholar

Article Pdf

---

ABSTRACT:

In tourism studies, people who travel are called tourists. Tourists consist of various groups, one of which is groups with special needs. This group of tourists requires holistic facilities, infrastructure and facilities to accommodate their needs. The relationship between travel barriers for people with disabilities and travel intentions is conditioned by intrinsic, environmental and interactional constraints, which are supported by learned helplessness theory. In the context of hospitality and tourism TPB (Theory of Planned Behavior) is used to explain various behaviors and intentions. This research aims to analyze the barrier factors that influence the interest of tourists with disabilities in visiting tourism destinations in terms of the TPB. The type of research used is explanatory research. This research method is an Explanatory Survey with quantitative methods. The population in this study were people with disabilities who live in West Sumatra Province with a sample size of 240 people. The sampling technique uses a non-probability sampling method with purposive sampling technique. Data analysis uses Structural Equation Modeling - Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The results of this research are that Intrinsic Constraints have a positive and significant effect on Learned Helplessness. Interactional Constraints have a positive and significant effect on Learned Helplessness. Environmental Constraints have a positive and significant effect on Learned Helplessness. Subjective Norms have a positive and significant effect on Travel Intention. Attitude has a positive and significant effect on Travel Intention. Perceived Behavioral Control has a positive and significant effect on Travel Intention. Learned Helplessness has a positive and significant effect on Travel Intention.

KEYWORDS:

Intrinsic Constraints, Interactional Constraints, Environmental Constraints, Subjective Norms, Attitude, Perceived Behavioral Control, Learned Helplessness, Travel Intention.

REFERENCES:

1) Agovino, M., Casaccia, M., Garofalo, A., & Marchesano, K. (2017). Tourism and disability in Italy. Limits and opportunities. Tourism Management Perspectives, 23, 58–67.

2) Ajzen, I. (2020). The theory of planned behavior: Frequently asked questions. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2(4), 314–324. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.195

3) Choo, H., Ahn, K., & Petrick, J. F. (2016). An integrated model of festival revisit intentions: theory of planned behavior and festival quality/satisfaction. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(4), 818–838. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-09-2014-0448

4) Daniels, M. J., Rodgers, E. B. D., & Wiggins, B. P. (2005). ‘“Travel Tales”’: an interpretive analysis of constraints and negotiations to pleasure travel as experienced by persons with physical disabilities. Tourism Management, 26(6), 919–930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.06.010

5) Darcy, S., Lock, D., & Taylor, T. (2017). Enabling Inclusive Sport Participation: Effects of Disability and Support Needs on Constraints to Sport Participation. Leisure Sciences, 39(1), 20–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2016.1151842

6) Darcy, S., McKercher, B., & Schweinsberg, S. (2020). From tourism and disability to accessible tourism: a perspective article. Tourism Review, 75(1), 140–144.

7) De Pascale, A., Meleddu, M., Abbate, T., & Pellicano, M. (2023). Is There a Gender Gap in the Propensity to Travel of People With Disabilities? Journal of Travel Research: A Quarterly Publication of the Travel and Tourism Research Association., 62(3), 517–539.

8) Devile, E. L., & Moura, A. A. (2021). Travel by People With Physical Disabilities: Constraints and Influences in the Decision-Making Process. ICT Tools and Applications for Accessible Tourism, 55–73.

9) Eusébio, C., Alves, J. P., Carneiro, M. J., & Teixeira, L. (2023). Needs, motivations, constraints and benefits of people with disabilities participating in tourism activities: the view of formal caregivers. Annals of Leisure Research, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2023.2190141

10) Fauzi, M. A., Hanafiah, M. H., & Kunjuraman, V. (2022). Tourists’ intention to visit green hotels: building on the theory of planned behaviour and the value-belief-norm theory. Journal of Tourism Futures, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-01-2022-0008

11) Figueiredo, E., Eusébio, C., & Kastenholz, E. (2012). How Diverse are Tourists with Disabilities? A Pilot Study on Accessible Leisure Tourism Experiences in Portugal. International Journal of Tourism Research, 14(6). https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr

12) Ghozali, I. (2021). Partial Least Squares Konsep, Teknik Dan Aplikasi Menggunakan Program SmartPLS 3.2.9 Untuk Penelitian Empiris. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro Semarang.

13) Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (Second). Sage Publications.

14) Huang, Y. C., Chang, L. L., & Backman, K. F. (2018). Detecting common method bias in predicting creative tourists behavioural intention with an illustration of theory of planned behaviour. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(3), 307–329. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2018.1424809

15) Karl, M., Sie, L., & Ritchie, B. W. (2021). Expanding Travel Constraint Negotiation Theory: An Exploration of Cognitive and Behavioral Constraint Negotiation Relationships. Journal of Travel Research, 61(4), 762–785. https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875211011547

16) Lai, C., Li, X. (Robert), & Harrill, R. (2013). Chinese outbound tourists’ perceived constraints to visiting the United States. Tourism Management, 37, 136–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2013.01.014

17) Lee, B. K., Sheela, A., & Kim, H. J. (2012). Influences of travel constraints on the people with disabilities’ intention to travel: An application of Seligman’s helplessness theory. Tourism Management, 33(3), 569–579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2011.06.011

18) Lee, S. J., & Kim, H. L. (2017). Roles of perceived behavioral control and self‐efficacy to volunteer tourists’ intended participation via theory of planned behavior. International Journal of Tourism Research, 20(4), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2171

19) Lee, S., Jeong, E., & Qu, K. (2020). Exploring theme park visitors’ experience on satisfaction and revisit intention: A utilization of experience economy model. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 21(4), 474–497.

20) Lenggogeni, S., & Syafrizal. (2023). The post-COVID-19 road-based tourism market: Negotiation of travel constraints. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 22, 100908. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2023.100908

21) Londono, J. C., Davies, K., & Elms, J. (2017). Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior to examine the role of anticipated negative emotions on channel intention: The case of an embarrassing product. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 36, 8–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2016.12.002

22) Marmion, M., & Hindley, A. (2020). Tourism and Health: Understanding the Relationship. Good Health and Well-Being, January, 738–746. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95681-7_16

23) McKercher, B., & Darcy, S. (2018). Re-conceptualizing barriers to travel by people with disabilities. Tourism Management Perspectives, 26, 59–66.

24) Meng, B., & Choi, K. (2015). Extending the theory of planned behaviour: testing the effects of authentic perception and environmental concerns on the slow-tourist decision-making process. Current Issues in Tourism, 19(6), 528–544. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2015.1020773

25) Meng, B., & Han, H. (2018). Working-holiday tourism attributes and satisfaction in forming word-of-mouth and revisit intentions: Impact of quantity and quality of intergroup contact. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 9, 347–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2018.03.009

26) Nunkoo, R., & Ramkissoon, H. (2010). Gendered theory of planned behaviour and residents’ support for tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 13(6), 525–540. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500903173967

27) Özcan, E., Topcu, Z. G., & Arasl, H. (2021). Determinants of Travel Participation and Experiences of Wheelchair Users Traveling to the Bodrum Region: A Qualitative Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 2218.

28) Pagan, R. (2021). Leisure Activities and Loneliness Among People with Disabilities. Handbook of Sustainable Development and Leisure Services, 67–83.

29) Peng, N., Chen, A., & Hung, K. P. (2014). Including pets when undertaking tourism activities: Incorporating pet attachment into the TPB model. Tourism Analysis, 19(1), 69–84. https://doi.org/10.3727/108354214X13927625340235

30) Ru, X., Qin, H., & Wang, S. (2019). Young people’s behaviour intentions towards reducing PM2.5 in China: Extending the theory of planned behaviour. Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 141, 99–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.10.019

31) Sarmah, B., Kamboj, S., & Chatterjee, R. (2022). Linking the intrinsic and environmental constraints with PwD tourists’ behavioral intentions toward a travel destination: mediating role of learned helplessness. Journal of Tourism Futures, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-02-2021-0053

32) Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research Methods for Business: A Skill-Building Approach (Seventh ed). John Wiley & Sons.

33) Seow, A. N., Choong, Y. O., Moorthy, K., & Choong, C. K. (2021). Predicting medical tourism behavioural intention using social cognition models. Tourism Review, 76(2), 374–391. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-06-2019-0267

34) Singh, R., Ismail, A., PS, S., & Singh, D. (2021). Compliance of accessibility in tourism websites: a pledge towards disability. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 4(3), 263–281. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-05-2020-0092

35) Smith, R. W. (1987). Leisure of disable tourists. Barriers to participation. Annals of Tourism Research, 14(3), 376–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(87)90109-5

36) Tomej, K., & Duedahl, E. (2023). Engendering collaborative accessibility through tourism: From barriers to bridges. Annals of Tourism Research, 99, 103528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2023.103528

37) Torabi, Z. A., Shalbafian, A. A., Allam, Z., Ghaderi, Z., Murgante, B., & Khavarian-Garmsir, A. R. (2022). Enhancing Memorable Experiences, Tourist Satisfaction, and Revisit Intention through Smart Tourism Technologies. Sustainability, 14(5), 2721. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052721

38) Ulker-Demirel, E., & Ciftci, G. (2020). A systematic literature review of the theory of planned behavior in tourism, leisure and hospitality management research. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 43, 209–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.04.003

39) Vesci, M., & Botti, A. (2019). Festival quality, theory of planned behavior and revisiting intention: Evidence from local and small Italian culinary festivals. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 38, 5–15.

40) Wang, J., Wang, S., Wang, Y., Li, J., & Zhao, D. (2018). Extending the theory of planned behavior to understand consumers’ intentions to visit green hotels in the Chinese context. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(8), 2810–2825. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-04-2017-0223

41) Wen, J., Huang, S. (sam), & Goh, E. (2020). Effects of perceived constraints and negotiation on learned helplessness: A study of Chinese senior outbound tourists. Tourism Management, 78, 104059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.104059

42) Yarimoglu, E., & Gunay, T. (2019). The extended theory of planned behavior in Turkish customers’ intentions to visit green hotels. Business Strategy and the Environment, 29(3), 1097–1108. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2419

43) Ying, T., Tang, J., Wen, J., Ye, S., Zhou, Y., & Li, F. S. (2021). Traveling with pets: Constraints, negotiation, and learned helplessness. Tourism Management, 82, 104183.

44) Yuzhanin, S., & Fisher, D. (2016). The efficacy of the theory of planned behavior for predicting intentions to choose a travel destination: a review. Tourism Review, 71(2), 135–147. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-11-2015-0055