FDI and the Triangle “Growth, Inequality and Poverty” in North Africa
GHAZOUANI Nidham
Research structure: VPNC LAB, 216.21000622
https://doi.org/10.47191/jefms/v7-i2-31ABSTRACT:
The economic literature has shown that the effect of FDI on poverty through these instruments has undergone radical changes which reflect, on the one hand, the growing progress, made by the academic community, in the very complex analysis of interactions with income growth and inequality; and the level of political interest in the topic of poverty reduction.
REFERENCES:
1) ADDISON, TG MAVROTAS (2003)“Infrastructure and Development in Africa”,paper presented at the UNU-TICAD III Expert Group Workshop, United Nations Center,Tokyo. pp 24-25.
2) AGOSSIN, MRR MAYER (2000)“Foreign Investment in Developing Countries.Does it Crowd in Domestic Investment? », UNCTAD/OSG/DP p 146.
3) AGOSIN, M. R. MYER (2000)“Foreign Direct Investment In Developing Countries:Does it Crowd in Domestic Investment? », UNCTAD Discussion pp 146.
4) AHLUWALIA, M. (1976)“Inequality, Poverty and Development”, World Bank.
5) AITKENS, G. , H. HANSON A.E. HARRISON (1997)“Spillovers, foreign Investment and Export Behaviour”, Journal of International Economics Cambridge and London: MIT Press, Fourth Printing, pp 43,103-132.
6) ALFARO, L. (2003)"Foreign Direct Investment and Growth: Does the Sector Matter?" », Working paper, Harvard Business School.
7) ALFARO, THE CHARLTON (2007)“Growth and the Quality of Foreign Direct Investment: Is All FDI Equal? », Working paper, Harvard Business School and NBER.
8) APERGIS, N., K. LYROUDIA A. VAMVAKIDIS (2008)“The Relationship between Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth: Evidence from Transitional Countries”, Transition Studies Review, 15 (1), pp 37-51.
9) ARTADI, ES MARTIN (2003)“The Economic Tragedy of the XXth Century: Growth in Africa”, Harvard University and Columbia University
10) AUGUSTIN, M, M. NGELEZA. (2009)"Determinants of Direct Investment at Abroad in developing countries: application made to the DRC", UNIGOM. [B]
11) BALTAGI, B. (2005)“Econometric Analysis of Panel Data, Third Edition”, West Switzerland, Willey.
12) BALTAGI BADI, H., E. PETER P. MICHAEL (2004)“Estimating Models of Complex FDI: Are there Third Country Effects? », Mimeo.
13) BANERJEE, D. (2003)"Inequality and Growth: What Can the Data Say?" », NBER Working pp 7793.
14) WORLD BANK. (2012)"World Development Report", Washington, World Bank.
15) BARRO (2000)“Inequality, Growth and Investment”, National Bureau of Economics Research, No. 7038.
16) BENDE, N. (2002)« Foreign Direct Investment in Sub-Sahara Africa: A co-integration analysis”, Economics Bulletin. Vol.6, pp 1-19.
17) BERNARD, K. (2010) “Governance and economic growth: an analysis of the threshold effects”, University of Abomey COLAVI.
18) BLOMSTROO, M H PERSSON (1983)“Foreign investment and spillover efficiency in an underdeveloped economy: evidence from Mexican manufacturing industry”, World Development, 11, pp 493-550.
19) BLOMSTROM, MA KOKKO (1996)“The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Host Countries: A Review of the Empirical Evidence”, The Development Economics Research Group on International Trade, Working, pp1745.
20) BOURGUIGNON, F (2002)“The growth elasticity of poverty reduction: Explaining Heterogeneity across countries and Time Periods, in: T. Eicher and S. Turnovsky, eds; Inequality and growth. Theory and Policy Implications”, Cambridge: The MIT Press.
21) BOURGUIGNON, F (2003)“The poverty, growth and inequality triangle”, Conference on poverty, inequality and growth, French Development Agency/ EU Development Network, Paris, November 2003.
22) BORENZTEIN, E., J. GREGORIO J. LEE (1998)“How does Foreign Direct Investment affects economic growth”, Journal of International Economics, pp 45, 115-135 .[VS]
23) CARKOVIC, MR LEVINE (2002)“Does Foreign Direct Investment Accelerate economic growth? », In TH Moran, EM Graham and M. Blomstrom, Does Foreign Direct Investment Promote Development, pp 195-220.
24) CHUDNOVSKY, DA LOPEZ (2004)“Transnational corporate strategies and foreign trade patterns in MERCOSUR countries in the 1990”, Cambridge Journal of Economics, September, 28, p 635-652.
25) UNCTAD (2008)“World Investment Report 2008”, Geneva, UNCTAD.
26) UNCTAD (2009)“World Investment Report 2009”, Geneva, UNCTAD
27) UNCTAD (2010)“World Investment Report 2010”, Geneva, UNCTAD.
28) UNCTAD (2010)"World Investment Report", overview investing in a low carbon economy, united nations conference on trade and development, 22 July 2010.
29) UNCTAD (2010)"United Nations Conference on Trade and Development World Investment Report”, New York and Geneva: Publication of the United Nations.
30) DEININGER, KL SQUIRE (1998)“New ways of looking at old issues: inequality and growth”, In Journal of Development Economics, 57(1998): pp 259-287.
31) DUNNING, JH (1981)“Explaining the international direct investment position of countries: towards of dynamic or development approach”, Well wirchaflichesarchiv 111.
32) EL-WASSAL, KA (2012)“Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in Arab Countries (1970-2008): An Inquiry into Determinants of Growth Benefits”, Journal of Economic Development, 37 (4), pp 79-100.
33) El-Maksoud, SA Fouda, AS (2005).Some pyridine derivatives as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in acidic medium. Materials chemistry and physics, 93(1), 84-90.
34) FONTANGE, LM PAJOT (1991)“Direct Investment and Trade international: the French case”, Economic Review, (1999).
35) FONTAGNE, LP MICHAEL. (1999)"Foreign Direct Investment and foreign trade: a stronger impact in the United States than in France", Economy and statistics, pp 326-327.
36) GORG, G. (2001)« Foreign Direct Investment and Intra-Industry Spillovers: A Review of the Literature”, GEP Research, p 37. Leverhulme Centre.
37) GORG, HD GREENAWAY (2002)"Much Ado about Nothing?" Do Domestic Firms Really Benefit from Foreign Direct Investment? », Center for Economic Policy Research, CEPR Discussion, pp 3485.
38) HANSON, G., RJ MATALONI JM SLAUGHTER (2001)« Expansion Strategiesof Multinational Firms”, NBER Working, pp 8433.
39) HANSN, HJ RAND (2006)“On the Causal Links between FDI and Growth in Developing Countries”, the World Economy, 29 (1), pp 21-41.
40) HARRISON, AM MILLAN (2002)“Does Direct Foreign Investment affect domestic firms credit constraints? », University of California, Berkeley.
41) IBRAHIM, N. (2008)“FDI in Central Africa attractiveness and effects economic ". University of South Toulon –Var-LEAD, pp 14-22.
42) JENSEN, NMG ROSAS (2007)“Foreign Direct Investment and Income Inequality in Mexico, 1990- 2000”, International Organization, 61(3), pp 467-487.
43) KAKWANI, NK SUBBARAO (1992)“Rural poverty and its alleviation in India: a discussion”, Journal: Economic and political Weekly.
44) KAKWANI, N. (1993)“Poverty and economic growth with application to Côte d'Ivoire", Review of Income and Wealth, pp 39.
45) KLEIN, MWES ROSENGREN (1994)“The Real Exchange Rate and Foreign Direct Investment in the United States: Relative Wealth versus Relative Wage Effects”, Journal of International Economics, 36 (3/4), pp 373-389.
46) KLEIN, M., C. ARON B. HAJIMICHAEL (2001)“Foreign Direct Investment andPoverty Reduction”, World Bank, Working Paper on the policy research, pp 613.
47) KOLSTAD, IT TONDEL (2002)“Social Development and Foreign Direct Investment in development countries”, Institute report.
48) LAHIMER, N. (2009) “The contribution of Foreign Direct Investments to the poverty reduction in sub-Saharan Africa”, Paris – Dauphine University, LEDA, pp 13-19 and 33-75.
49) LAHIMER, N. (2009)« FDI and Domestic Investment in Africa Sub-Saharan: eviction effect or stimulation effect? », Paris-Dauphine University, LEDA, pp2-19.
50) LAHIMER, N. (2009)“FDI and the triangle: growth, inequality and poverty: applications to Sub-Saharan African countries”, Paris – Dauphine University, LEDA, pp 3-27.
51) LIPSEY, R. (2000)“Inward FDI and Economic Growth in Developing Countries”, Transnational Corporations, 9 (1), pp 67-95.
52) LIPSEY, RF SJOHOLM (2001)“Foreign Direct Investment and wages in Indonesia manufacturing”, NBER working, pp 30.
53) LOEWENDAHL, H., E. ERTUGAL T. LOEWENDAHL (2001)"Turkey's performance in Attracting FDI”, European Network of Economic Policy Research Institutes Working, pp. 8.
54) MENEGALDO, FE Moustier (2002)"Foreign Direct Investment Flows and international trade within the framework of the Euro-Mediterranean partnership”, Revue African Economics and Management Sciences, pp 131-149.
55) MICHALET, A. (1999)“The Seduction of Nations or How to attract investments”, Economica, Paris.
56) MORRISSET, JN PIRNA (2000)“How tax policy and incentives affect foreign direct investment”, World Bank Working, pp 2509.
57) MOSLEY, P., J. HUDSON S. HORRELL (1987)“Aid, the Public Sector and the Market in Less Developed Countries”, Economic Journal 97(387), pp 616-641
58) Moosa, I. (2002).Foreign direct investment: theory, evidence and practice. Springer.
59) NICOLE, A., A.TCHAKPON MSSOMOKPA THIERRY EJ AKPO PASTOR (2006)“Governance and effectiveness of financing policies for the development ". MPIA Research Papers 2006, pp 11-15.
60) NIGH, D. (1986)“Political events and the Foreign Direct Investment decision: an empirical examination”, Management Decision Economics, Vol. 7 (June), pp 99-106.
61) OECD (2002)“Foreign Direct Investment at the service of development: maximizing benefits minimizing costs”, Paris.
62) OECD (2002)“Foreign Direct Investment for Development: Maximizing Benefits Minimizing costs: overview”.
63) OECD (2002)“Growth, Technology and Foreign Direct Investment”, OECD Global forum on International: New Horizons and policy challenge for Foreign Direct Investment in the 21 century.
64) OMAN, C. (2000)“What policies to attract FDI? A study of the competition between governments”, OECD Development Center Study, Paris.
65) PEROTTI, R. (1994)“Income distribution and Investment”, European Economics Review 38(3-4): pp 827-835.
66) UNDP (2001)“Human Development Report. World Bank".
67) QUAH, D. (1995)“Empirics for economic growth and convergence”, European Economic Review, 40, pp 1353-1376.
68) RAVAILLON, M. (1997)“Can high-inequality developing countries escape absolute poverty? », Economic Letters 56(1): pp 51-57.
69) Ravallion, M. (2007)“Economic growth and poverty reduction: Do poor countries need to worry about Inequality? 2020 focus brief on the world's poor and hungry people”, Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.
70) Resmini, L. (2003).Economic integration, industry location and frontier economies in transition countries. Economicsystems, 27(2), 205-221.
71) ROBEERTSON, CJ, A. WATSON (2004)“Corruption and Change: The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment”, Strategic Management Journal 25: pp 385-396.
72) RODRIK, D., A. SUBRAMANIAN F. TREBBIA (2004)“Institutions Rule: The Primacy of Institutions over Geography and Integration in Economic Development”, Journal of Economic Growth, vol. 9, pp 2.
73) ROMER PAUL, M. (1993)“Ideas gaps and object gaps in economic development”, Journal of Monetary Economics, 32(3).pp 543-573.
74) SINGH, RD (1985)“State Intervention, Foreign Economic Aid, savings and growth in LDCS: some recent evidence”, Kyklos 38(2), pp 216-32.
75) SQUIRE, L. (1998)“Explaining International and Intertemporal Variations in Income Inequality”, Economic Journal, 108, pp 26-43.
76) TOWNSED, P. (1979)“Introduction: concepts of poverty and deprivation”, poverty
77) TOWNSED, P. (1979)“Introduction: concepts of poverty and deprivation”, poverty in United Kingdom: A survey of household resources and standards of living, pp 31-60.
78) VELDE, DWM MORRISEY (2001)“Foreign ownership and wages: evidence from five Africans countries”, CREDIT Research, University of Nottingham, pp 01-19.
79) WEI, SJ (2000b)“Local corruption and global capital flow? », Brooking papers on Economic activity, 20(2), pp 303-346.
80) WEI, SJ (2000a)“How taxing is corruption on international investors? », Review of Economics and statistics, 82(1), pp 1-11.
81) WOOD, AK BERGE (1997)“Exporting manufactures: human resources, natural resources and trade policy”, The Journal of Development Studies 34(1) pp 35-59.
82) WOOD, A. (2000)“The north south trade and inequality”, North Holland.
83) WOODWARD, DPRJ ROLFE (1993)“The location of Export-oriented Foreign direct investment in the Caribbean basin”, Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 24, first quarter, pp 121-144.
84) YOUSSEF, A. (2004) “The enlargement of Europe seen from the south”, Revue Confluences Mediterranean N°46, September 2003.
85) ZHANG, KH (2000)“Human capital, country size, and North-South manufacturing Multinational Enterprises”, Economical International Vol. (53) No2, pp 237-260.
