JEFMS Journal

ABSTRACT:

Mobile gaming is known as a high and competitive growing industry of business. There have been lots of game released every day in the last two years. This study examines the relationship between online game addiction (withdrawal, mood modification, relapse) on loyalty and purchase intention in online game applications. The proposed model is empirically evaluated using LimeSurvey on 262 PUBG Mobile online game users. The analysis used partial least square-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results revealed that (withdrawal, mood modification, relapse) gives such significant and positive relationship toward purchase intention in online game applications. The relationship between mood modification and relapse positively and significantly affects online game loyalty. Withdrawal and loyalty have no significant positive relationship.

KEYWORDS:

In-App Purchase, Addiction, Loyalty, dan Mobile Game.

REFERENCES:

1) Ajzen, I. (1991) ‘The theory of planned behavior’, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), pp. 179–211.

2) Ajzen, I. (2011) ‘The theory of planned behaviour: Reactions and reflections’, Psychology and Health, 26(9), pp. 1113–1127.

3) Akarupova, K. and Blinka, L. (2016) ‘Interpersonal dependency and online gaming addiction’, Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 5(1), pp. 108–114.

4) Andreassen, C. S. et al. (2015) ‘The Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale: reliability and validity of a brief screening test’, Frontiers in Psychology, 6(September), pp. 1–11.

5) Baker, A. M., Donthu, N. and Kumar, V. (2016) ‘Investigating How Word of Mouth Conversations About Brands Influence Purchase and Retransmission Intentions’, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 23(2), pp. 404–413.

6) Balakrishnan, J. and Griffiths, M. D. (2018) ‘Loyalty towards online games, gaming addiction, and purchase intention towards online mobile in-game features’, Computers in Human Behavior, 87(June), pp. 238–246.

7) Chen, L. S. L. (2010) ‘The impact of perceived risk, intangibility and consumer characteristics on online game playing’, Computers in Human Behavior, 26(6), pp. 1607–1613.

8) Cheung, C. M. K., Liu, I. L. B. and Lee, M. K. O. (2015) ‘How Online Social Interactions Influence Customer Information Contribution Behavior in Online Social Shopping Communities: A Social Learning Theory Perspective’, Journal Of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 64(July), pp. 1852–1863.

9) Cheung, M. L. et al. (2021) ‘Driving loyalty intentions of mobile games: a motivation theory perspective’, Quality and Quantity, (April).

10) Citrin, A. V. et al. (2006) ‘Adoption of Internet shopping : the role of consumer innovativeness Adoption of Internet shopping : the role of consumer innovativeness’, Industrial Management & Data Systems, 100(7), pp. 294–300.

11) Elliot, S. and Fowell, S. (2000) ‘Expectations versus reality: A snapshot of consumer experiences with Internet retailing’, International Journal of Information Management, 20(5), pp. 323–336.

12) Fu, J. R., Ju, P. H. and Hsu, C. W. (2015) ‘Understanding why consumers engage in electronic word-of-mouth communication: Perspectives from theory of planned behavior and justice theory’, Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 14(6), pp. 616–630.

13) George, J. F. (2004) ‘The theory of planned behavior and Internet purchasing’, Internet Research, 14(3), pp. 198–212.

14) Griffiths, M. (2005) ‘A “components” model of addiction within a biopsychosocial framework’, Journal of Substance Use, 10(4), pp. 191–197.

15) Griffiths, M. D. (1995) ‘Technological addictions’, Clinical Psychology Forum, 37(November), pp. 14–19.

16) Griffiths, M. D. (2010) ‘The role of context in online gaming excess and addiction: Some case study evidence’, International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 8(1), pp. 119–125.

17) Hair, J. F. et al. (2013) A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. (2nd ed, V. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications Ltd.

18) Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M. and Ringle, C. M. (2019) ‘Rethinking some of the rethinking of partial least squares’, European Journal of Marketing, 53(4), pp. 566–584.

19) Hair, J. J. et al. (2017) A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), Sage.

20) Hamari, J. et al. (2017) ‘Why do players buy in-game content? An empirical study on concrete purchase motivations’, Computers in Human Behavior, 68(March), pp. 538–546.

21) Hsiao, K. L. and Chen, C. C. (2016) ‘What drives in-app purchase intention for mobile games? An examination of perceived values and loyalty’, Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 16, pp. 18–29.

22) Hsu, C. L. and Lin, J. C. C. (2015) ‘What drives purchase intention for paid mobile apps?-An expectation confirmation model with perceived value’, Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 14(1), pp. 46–57.

23) Hsu, C. L. and Lin, J. C. C. (2016) ‘Effect of perceived value and social influences on mobile app stickiness and in-app purchase intention’, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 108, pp. 42–53.

24) Hussain, Z., Williams, G. A. and Griffiths, M. D. (2015) ‘An exploratory study of the association between online gaming addiction and enjoyment motivations for playing massively multiplayer online role-playing games’, Computers in Human Behavior, 50, pp. 221–230.

25) Hybrid.co.id (2020) Jumlah Gamer di Dunia capai 3,5 Miliar Orang, https://hybrid.co.id/post/jumlah-gamer-di-dunia-capai-35-miliar-orang.

26) Internetworldstats (2021) Asia Marketing Research, Internet Usage, Population Statistics and Facebook Subscribers, https://www.internetworldstats.com/asia.htm.

27) Jang, M., Lee, R. and Yoo, B. (2019) ‘Does fun or freebie increase in-app purchase?: Analyzing effects of enjoyment and item experience intention to purchase mobile game contents’, Information Systems and e-Business Management, 19(2), pp. 439–457.

28) Khang, H., Kim, J. K. and Kim, Y. (2013) ‘Self-traits and motivations as antecedents of digital media flow and addiction: The Internet, mobile phones, and video games’, Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), pp. 2416–2424

29) Kuss, Daria J. and Griffiths, M. D. (2012) ‘Adolescent online gaming addiction’, Education and Health, 30(1), pp. 15–17.

30) Kuss, Daria Joanna and Griffiths, M. D. (2012) ‘Internet Gaming Addiction: A Systematic Review of Empirical Research’, International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 10 (2), pp. 278–296.

31) Lee, S., Park, J. and Bryan Lee, S. (2016) ‘The interplay of internet addiction and compulsive shopping behaviors’, Social Behavior and Personality, 44(11), pp. 1901–1912.

32) Lemmens, J. S., Valkenburg, P. M. and Peter, J. (2011) ‘The Effects of Pathological Gaming on Aggressive Behavior’, Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40(1), pp. 38–47.

33) Liao, C. S. (2012) ‘Self-Construal, Personalization, User Experience, and Willingness To Use Codesign for Online Games’, Information Communication and Society, 15(9), pp. 1298–1322.

34) Liao, G. Y. et al. (2020) ‘How do social networks foster online gamer loyalty? Perspective of weak/strong tie theory’, Telematics and Informatics, 53(February), p. 101437.

35) Lu, H. P. and Wang, S. M. (2008) ‘The role of Internet addiction in online game loyalty: An exploratory study’, Internet Research, 18(5), pp. 499–519.

36) Maier, C. (2020) ‘Overcoming pathological IT use: How and why IT addicts terminate their use of games and social media’, International Journal of Information Management, 51(November 2019), p. 102053.

37) Marakanon, L. and Panjakajornsak, V. (2017) ‘Perceived quality, perceived risk and customer trust affecting customer loyalty of environmentally friendly electronics products’, Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 38(1), pp. 24–30.

38) Maraz, A., Griffiths, M. D. and Demetrovics, Z. (2016) ‘The prevalence of compulsive buying: A meta-analysis’, Addiction, 111(3), pp. 408–419.

39) Merhi, M. I. (2016) ‘Towards a framework for online game adoption’, Computers in Human Behavior, 60, pp. 253–263.

40) Molinillo, S., Muñoz-Leiva, F. and Pérez-García, F. (2018) ‘The effects of human-game interaction, network externalities, and motivations on players’ use of mobile casual games’, Industrial Management and Data Systems, 118(9), pp. 1766–1786.

41) Newzoo.com (2021) Global Games Market to Generate $175.8 Billion in 2021; Despite a Slight Decline, the Market Is on Track to Surpass $200 Billion in 2023, https://newzoo.com/insights/articles/global-games-market-to-generate-175-8-billion-in-2021-despite-a-slight-decline-the-market-is-on-track-to-surpass-200-billion-in-2023/.

42) Oh, Y. K. and Min, J. (2015) ‘The mediating role of popularity rank on the relationship between advertising and in-app purchase sales in mobile application market’, Journal of Applied Business Research, 31(4), pp. 1311–1322.

43) Oliver, R. L. (1999) ‘Whence consumer loyalty ?’, Journal of Marketing, 63(Special Issue 1999), pp. 33–44.

44) Oneesports.id (2021) PUBG Mobile jadi game mobile pemilik pendapatan tertinggi sepanjang 2021, https://www.oneesports.id.

45) Renny, Guritno, S. and Siringoringo, H. (2013) ‘Perceived Usefulness, Ease of Use, and Attitude Towards Online Shopping Usefulness Towards Online Airlines Ticket Purchase’, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 81, pp. 212–216.

46) Rezaei, S. and Ghodsi, S. S. (2014) ‘Does value matters in playing online game? An empirical study among massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs)’, Computers in Human Behavior, 35, pp. 252–266.

47) Roma, P. and Ragaglia, D. (2016) ‘Revenue models, in-app purchase, and the app performance: Evidence from Apple’s App Store and Google Play’, Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 17, pp. 173–190.

48) Rooij, A. J. van et al. (2010) ‘Online video game addiction: Identification of addicted adolescent gamers’, Addiction, 106(1), pp. 205–212.

49) SensorTower (2021) Data That Drives App Growth, https://app.sensortower.com/ios/id/tencent-mobile-international-limited/app/pubg-mobile-arcane/1330123889/overview.

50) SINDOnews.com (2021) Industri Game Indonesia Penyumbang Pendapatan Terbesar, https://tekno.sindonews.com/.

51) Su, Y. S. et al. (2016) ‘The effect of flow experience on player loyalty in mobile game application’, Computers in Human Behavior, 63, pp. 240–248.

52) Swinyard, W. R. and Smith, S. M. (2003) ‘Why People (Don’t) Shop Online: A Lifestyle Study of the Internet Consumer’, Psychology and Marketing, 20(7), pp. 567–597.

53) Tempo.co (2021) PUBG Mobile dan TikTok Aplikasi Berpenghasilan Tertinggi, https://tekno.tempo.co/read/1513430/pubg-mobile

54) Teng, C. I. (2018) ‘Look to the future: Enhancing online gamer loyalty from the perspective of the theory of consumption values’, Decision Support Systems, 114(August), pp. 49–60.

55) Teng, C. I. (2019) ‘How avatars create identification and loyalty among online gamers: Contextualization of self-affirmation theory’, Internet Research, 29(6), pp. 1443–1468.

56) Tseng, F. C. et al. (2018) ‘How does gender swapping impact online gamer loyalty? The perspective of interdependence theory’, Online Information Review, 42(5), pp. 647–662.

57) Turel, O., Serenko, A. and Giles, P. (2011) ‘Integrating Technology Addiction And Use.pdf’, MIS Quarterly, 35(4), pp. 1043–1061.

58) Weinstein, A. et al. (2016) Compulsive Buying-Features and Characteristics of Addiction, Neuropathology of Drug Addictions and Substance Misuse. Elsevier Inc.

59) Weisstein, F. L., Kukar-Kinney, M. and Monroe, K. B. (2016) ‘Determinants of consumers’ response to pay-what-you-want pricing strategy on the Internet’, Journal of Business Research, 69(10), pp. 4313–4320.