Family Ownership and the Export Performance of SMEs: The Mediating Role of Innovation Capabilities
1Rita Indah Mustikowati, 2Sudarmiatin, 3Imam Mukhis
1Universitas PGRI Kanjuruhan Malang, Indonesia
1Doctoral Program Faculty of Economics and business, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia
2Faculty of Economics and business, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia
3Faculty of Economics and business, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia
https://doi.org/10.47191/jefms/v5-i12-15ABSTRACT:
This study examines the relationship between family ownership and export performance, and innovation capabilities as a mediation variable. We conceptualize our study to “familiarity” as the family system interaction in business activity. However, the principle of internationalization in SMEs has a consequences, including an increase in innovative behavior. To fill this gap, this study offers innovation capabilities to SMEs. Using 172 SMEs in Malang Regency, Indonesia, this study found that there is a positive relationship between family ownership and innovation capabilities with export performance. We also find that this relationship is mediated by innovation capabilities. In the end, we conducted a discussion and concluded the findings.
KEYWORDS:
family ownership, innovation capabilities, export performance, SMEs.
REFERENCES:
1) Ahmad, N., Nadeem, M., Ahmad, R., & Hamad, N. (2014). Impact of family ownership on firm’s financial performance : A comparison study between manfucturing firms and financial firms in Pakistan. Nigerian Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 2(8), 51–56. https://doi.org/10.12816/0011615
2) Alegre, J., Fernandez-Mesa, A., & Strange, R. (2014). Innovation capabilities and export performance in Spanish manufacturing SMEs. 16(3), 55–71.
3) Anderson, R. C., Mansi, S. A., & Reeb, D. M. (2003). Founding family ownership and the agency cost of debt. Journal of Financial Economics, 68(2), 263–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-405X(03)00067-9
4) Becerra, M., Cruz, C., & Graves, C. (2020). Innovation in Family Firms: The Relative Effects of Wealth Concentration Versus Family-Centered Goals. Family Business Review, 33(4), 372–392. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486520953700
5) Bennedsen, M., & Foss, N. (2015). Family Assets and Liabilities in the Innovation Process. California Management Review, 1, 65–81. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1835-9310.1982.tb01239.x
6) Berrone, P., Cruz, C., & Gomez-Mejia, L. R. (2012). Socioemotional wealth in family firms: Theoretical dimensions, assessment approaches, and agenda for future research. Family Business Review, 25(3), 258–279. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486511435355
7) Bertrand, M., & Schoar, A. (2006). The role of family in family firms. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20(2), 73–96. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.20.2.73
8) Bhat, S., & Momaya, K. S. (2020). Innovation capabilities, market characteristics and export performance of EMNEs from India. European Business Review, 32(5), 801–822. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-08-2019-0175
9) Calabrò, A., Campopiano, G., & Basco, R. (2017). Principal-principal conflicts and family firm growth: The moderating role of business family identity. Journal of Family Business Management. https://doi.org/https:doi.org/10.1108/JFBM-02-2017-0005
10) Chen, V. Z., Li, J., Shapiro, D. M., & Zhang, X. (2014). Ownership structure and innovation: An emerging market perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 31(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-013-9357-5
11) Choi, S. B., Lee, S. H., & Williams, C. (2011). Ownership and firm innovation in a transition economy: Evidence from China. Research Policy, 40(3), 441–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2011.01.004
12) Choi, S. B., Park, B. Il, & Hong, P. (2012). Does Ownership Structure Matter for Firm Technological Innovation Performance? The Case of Korean Firms. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 20(3), 267–288. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8683.2012.00911.x
13) Chu, W. (2011). Family Ownership and Firm Performance : Influence of Family Management, Family Control and Firm Size. Asia Pac J Manag, 28(4), 833–851. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-009-9180-1
14) Dal Maso, L., Basco, R., Bassetti, T., & Lattanzi, N. (2020). Family ownership and environmental performance: The mediation effect of human resource practices. Business Strategy and the Environment, 29(3), 1548–1562. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2452
15) Damanpour, F. (1991). Organizational Innovation: A Meta-Analysis of Effects of Determinants and Moderators. The Academy of Management Journal, 34(3), 555–590. https://doi.org/10.1159/000192893
16) Damanpour, F., Szabat, K. A., & Evan, W. M. (1989). The relationship between types of innovation and organizational performance. Journal of Managmeent Studies, 26(6).
17) Davis, J. H., Schoorman, F. D., & Donaldson, L. (1997). Toward a stewardship theory of management. Academy of Management Review, 22(1), 20–47.
18) De Massis, A., Kotlar, J., Chua, J. H., & Chrisman, J. J. (2014). Ability and willingness as sufficiency conditions for family-oriented particularistic behavior: Implications for theory and empirical studies. Journal of Small Business Management, 52(2), 344–364. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12102
19) de Perea, J. G. Á., Ramírez-García, C., & Del Cubo-Molina, A. (2019). Internationalization business models and patterns of SMEs and MNEs: A qualitative multi-case study in the agrifood sector. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11102755
20) Demsetz, H., & Lehn, K. (1985). The structure of corporate ownership: Causes and consequences. Readings in Applied Microeconomics: The Power of the Market, 93(6), 1155–1177. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203878460
21) Dickson, P., Schneier, W., Lawrence, P., & Hytry, R. (1995). Managing design in small high-growth companies. The Journal of Product Innovation Management, 12(5), 406–414. https://doi.org/10.1016/0737-6782(95)00056-9
22) Dong, G., Kokko, A., & Zhou, H. (2022). Innovation and export performance of emerging market enterprises: The roles of state and foreign ownership in China. International Business Review, 31(6), 102025.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2022.102025
23) Donkor, J., Donkor, G. N. A., Kankam-Kwarteng, C., & Aidoo, E. (2018). Innovative capability, strategic goals and financial performance of SMEs in Ghana. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 12(2), 238–254. https://doi.org/10.1108/apjie-10-2017-0033
24) Fernández, Z., & Nieto, M. J. (2005). Internationalization strategy of small and medium-sized family businesses: Some influential factors. Family Business Review, 18(1), 77–89. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2005.00031.x
25) Ganotakis, P., & Love, J. H. (2011). R&D, product innovation, and exporting: Evidence from UK new technology based firms. Oxford Economic Papers, 63(2), 279–306. https://doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpq027
26) Habbershon, T. G., & Williams, M. L. (1999). A Resource-Based framework for assessing the strategic for family firms. Family Business Review, 12(1), 1–25.
27) Hair, J.F., J., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., Black, W. C., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis (Eighth Edi). Annabel Ainscow, United Kingdom.
28) Huang, K. F. (2011). Technology competencies in competitive environment. Journal of Business Research, 64(2), 172–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2010.02.003
29) Jaskiewicz, P., & Klein, S. (2007). The impact of goal alignment on board composition and board size in family businesses. Journal of Business Research, 60(10), 1080–1089. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2006.12.015
30) Jiménez-Jiménez, D., & Sanz-Valle, R. (2011). Innovation, organizational learning, and performance. Journal of Business Research, 64(4), 408–417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2010.09.010
31) Johanson, J., & Vahlne, J.-E. (2003). Business relationship learning and commitment in the internationalization process. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 1, 83–101. https://doi.org/10.1023/A
32) Kleinknecht, A. (1987). Measuring R&D in small firms : How much are we missing ? The Journal of Industrial Economics, 36(2), 253–256.
33) Knight, G., Moen, Ø., & Madsen, T. K. (2020). Antecedents to differentiation strategy in the exporting SME. International Business Review, 29(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2020.101740
34) Kumru Uyar, & Burcu Oralhan. (2017). Innovation capability and Export Performance of Turkish Export Firms. Chinese Business Review, 16(10). https://doi.org/10.17265/1537-1506/2017.10.002
35) Larimo, J. (2013). Small and medium-size enterprise export performance: Empirical evidence from finnish family and non-family firms. International Studies of Management and Organization, 43(2), 79–100.
https://doi.org/10.2753/IMO0020-8825430204
36) Lauterbach, B., & Vaninsky, A. (1999). Ownership Structure and Firm Performance : Evidence from Israel Ownership Structure and Firm Performance : Evidence from Israel. Journal OfManagement and Governance, 3, 189–201. https://doi.org/10.1023/A
37) Lawson, B., & Samson, D. (2001). Developing Innovation Capability in Organisations: a Dynamic Capabilities Approach. International Journal of Innovation Management, 5(3), 377–400. https://doi.org/10.1142/s1363919601000427
38) Lee, J. (2006). Family firm performance: Further evidence. Family Business Review, 19(2), 103–114.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2006.00060.x
39) Lefebvre, E., & Lefebvre, L.-A. (2002). Innovative capabilities as determinants of export performance and behaviour: A longitudinal study of manufacturing SMEs. Innovation and Firm Performance, 514, 281–309. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230595880_12
40) Liu, J., Chen, J., & Tao, Y. (2015). Innovation performance in new product development teams in China’s technology ventures: The role of behavioral integration dimensions and collective efficacy. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 32(1), 29–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12177
41) Lodh, S., Nandy, M., & Chen, J. (2014). Innovation and family ownership: Empirical evidence from India. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 22(1), 4–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/corg.12034
42) Love, J. H., Roper, S., & Du, J. (2009). Innovation, ownership and profitability. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 27(3), 424–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2008.11.001
43) Love, J. H., Roper, S., & Zhou, Y. (2016). Experience, age and exporting performance in UK SMEs. International Business Review, 25(4), 806–819. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2015.10.001
44) Martin-Reyna, J. M. S., & Duran-Encalada, J. A. (2015). Effects of family ownership, debt and board composition on mexican firms performance. International Journal of Financial Studies, 3(1), 56–74. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs3010056
45) Martínez-Alonso, R., Martínez-Romero, M. J., & Rojo-Ramírez, A. A. (2020). Unleashing family firms’ potential to do more with less: product innovation efficiency, family involvement in TMTs and technological collaborations. European Journal of Innovation Management, 25(6), 916–940. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-09-2021-0478
46) Matekenya, W., & Moyo, C. (2022). Innovation as a driver of SMME performance in South Africa: a quantile regression approach. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 13(3), 452–467. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJEMS-06-2021-0306
47) Miller, D., Breton-Miller, I., & Lester, R. H. (2013). Family firm governance, strategic conformity, and performance. Organization Science, 24(1), 189–209. http://www.econis.eu/PPNSET?PPN=737546018
48) Miller, D., Minichilli, A., & Corbetta, G. (2013). Is family leadership always beneficial? Strategic Management Journal, 34, 553–571. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj
49) Mossige, S., Pettersen, R. B., & Blakar, R. M. (1979). Egocentrism and inefficiency in the communication of families containing schizophrenic members. Family Process, 18(4), 405–425. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.1979.00405.x
50) Nwuke, O., Nwoye, C., & Onoyima, N. (2020). Family businesses, succession and survival strategies. Advanced Series in Management, 26, 59–71. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1877-636120200000026005
51) Pacheco, L. (2019). Performance vs. Family ownership and management: The case of portuguese wine firms. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 7(3), 7–24. https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2019.070301
52) Pascucci, F., Domenichelli, O., Peruffo, E., & Gregori, G. L. (2022). Family ownership and the export performance of SMEs: the moderating role of financial constraints and flexibility. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 29(4), 602–626. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-03-2021-0113
53) Paul, J., Parthasarathy, S., & Gupta, P. (2017). Exporting challenges of SMEs: A review and future research agenda. Journal of World Business, 52(3), 327–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2017.01.003
54) Pieper, T. M., Klein, S. B., & Jaskiewicz, P. (2008). The impact of goal alignment on board existence and top management team composition: Evidence from family-influenced businesses. Journal of Small Business Management, 46(3), 372–394. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2008.00249.x
55) Ponta, L., Puliga, G., & Manzini, R. (2021). A measure of innovation performance: the Innovation Patent Index. Management Decision, 59(13), 73–98. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-05-2020-0545
56) Ribau, C. P., Moreira, A. C., & Raposo, M. (2017). SMEs innovation capabilities and export performance: an entrepreneurial orientation view. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 18(5), 920–934. https://doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2017.1352534
57) Sadeghi, A., Aliasghar, O., & Bouguerra, A. (2022). Unpacking the relationship between post-entry speed of internationalization and export performance of SMEs: A capability-building perspective. Journal of International Management, February, 100982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2022.100982
58) Schumpeter, J. A. (1947). The Creative Response in Economic History. The Journal of Economic History, 7(2), 149–159. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022050700054279
59) Singh, H., & Mahmood, R. (2014). Aligning manufacturing strategy to export performance of manufacturing small and medium enterprises in Malaysia. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 130, 85–95.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.011
60) Singh, R., Chandrashekar, D., Subrahmanya Mungila Hillemane, B., Sukumar, A., & Jafari-Sadeghi, V. (2022). Network cooperation and economic performance of SMEs: Direct and mediating impacts of innovation and internationalisation. Journal of Business Research, 148(April), 116–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.04.032
61) Statistics Indonesia Malang Regency. (2019). Number of Establishments by Type of Business Entity in Malang Regency, 2011 - 2018. https://malangkab.bps.go.id/statictable/2017/06/16/628/jumlah-perusahaan-menurut-bentuk-badan-hukum-di-kabupaten-malang-2011---2018.html
62) Steinhäuser, V. P. S., Paula, F. de O., & de Macedo-Soares, T. D. L. van A. (2021). Internationalization of SMEs: a systematic review of 20 years of research. In Journal of International Entrepreneurship (Vol. 19, Issue 2). Journal of International Entrepreneurship. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10843-020-00271-7
63) Vorhies, D. W., Morgan, R. E., & Autry, C. W. (2009). Product-market strategy and the marketing capabilities of the firm : Impact on market effevtiveness and cash flow performace. Strategic Management Journal, 30, 1310–1334. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj
64) Wang, Y., Zeng, D., Benedetto, C. A. Di, & Song, M. (2013). Environmental determinants of responsive and proactive market orientations. Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 28(7), 565–576. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-10-2011-0156
65) Yu, A., Lumpkin, G. T., Sorenson, R. L., & Brigham, K. H. (2012). The Landscape of Family Business Outcomes: A Summary and Numerical Taxonomy of Dependent Variables. Family Business Review, 25(1), 33 –57.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486511430329
66) Zahoor, N., Khan, Z., Arslan, A., Khan, H., & Tarba, S. Y. (2022). International open innovation and international market success: an empirical study of emerging market small and medium-sized enterprises. International Marketing Review, 39(3), 755–782. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMR-12-2020-0314
67) Zehir, C., Köle, M., & Yıldız, H. (2015). The mediating role of innovation capability on market orientation and export performance: An implementation on SMEs in Turkey. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 207, 700–708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.10.141. .