The Adoption of IFRS and Earnings Quality of Financial Statements of Nigerian Breweries Plc: Generalised Linear Model Approach
1Michael Rotimi SANNI Phd, 2Azeez Adekunle ALIU, 3Olawale Joseph FATOKI, 4Mofoluwaso Iyabode OJEDDELE Phd
1Achievers University, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria
2The Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria
3The Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria
4Redeemer’s University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
https://doi.org/10.47191/jefms/v4-i9-17ABSTRACT:
The adoption of IFRS is expected to improve the earnings quality of firms that adopt them. It is against this background that this study investigated how the adoption of IFRS has affected earnings quality of Nigerian Breweries Plc. The company was selected because of its importance to the Nigerian economy. The 18 -year research period (2003 – 2020) was divided equally between (2003 – 2011) Pre- IFRS period (9 years) and (2012 – 2020) Post – IFRS period (9 years). Data on share price and Earnings per Share used to calculate earnings yield and change in earnings yield used to proxy earnings quality were sourced from the published financial statements of the company. Findings from Generalized Linear Model revealed no improvement in the earnings quality of the company after the adoption. Findings further showed that the company faced a lot of macro and micro economic challenges that affected its operating performances during the research period. The study therefore recommends to government to address those ident fied challenges because of the importance of the industry to the Nigerian economy.
Keywords:
IFRS, Nigerian Brewery, Earning per Share, Earnings Quality, Share Price
REFERENCES:
1) Abudullahi, A. & Abubakar, M. Y. (2020). International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and Reporting Quality in
Nigeria: An assessment of selected quoted firms. International Business and Accounting Research Journal, 4 (1): 11-22.
2) Adereti, S. A. & Sanni, M. R. (2016). The adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards and the earnings
quality of First Bank Nigeria Plc. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 4 (10): 757 – 768.
3) Al-Khafaji, B. K. A. (2018). Effects of application of IFRS on the quality of financial statements in SMEs. Al-Qadisiyah
Journal for Administrative and Economic Sciences, QJAE, 20 (2): 1 – 12.
4) Ames, D. (2013). IFRS adoption and accounting quality: The case of South Africa. Journal of Applied Economics and
Business Research, 3 (3), 154-165.
5) Augusto & C0. (2020) Nigerian Breweries Plc 2020, Final Corporate Rating Review Report
6) Bartov, E., Goldberg, S. & Kim, M. (2005). Comparative value relevance among German, U.S. and International
Accounting Standards: A German stock market perspective, Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance, 20 (2): 95-119.
7) Burgstahler, D. & Dichev, I. (1997). Earnings management to avoid earnings decreases and losses, Journal of Accounting
and Economics, 24 (1): 99 – 126.
8) Callao, S. & Jarne, J. I. (2010). Have IFRS affected earnings management in the European Union? Accounting in Europe. 7
(1-2): 159 – 189.
9) Callao, S., Jarne, J. I. & Lainez, J.A. (2007). Adoption of IFRS in Spain: Effect on the comparability and relevance of
financial reporting, Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 16: 148-178
10) Camaran, M. & Campa, D. (2012). Voluntary IFRS adoption and earnings quality among private companies. Retrieved on
8 August, 2021 from
https://search.yahoo.com/search?ci=utf8&fr=tighropeth&p=voluntary+ifrs+adoption+and+earnings+quality+among+pr
ivate+companies&type=11389.
11) Capkun, V., Cavezan – Jay, A., Jeanjean, T. & Weiss, L (2008). Earnings management and value relevance during the
mandatory transition from local GAAPs to IFRS in Europe. University of Paris, Working Paper. Retrieved on 8 August,
2021 from http://ssrn.com/abstract=1125716.
12) Cohen, D. (2003). Quality of financial reporting choice: determinants and economic consequences. Working paper, New
York University.
13) Danrimi, M. (2013). Global accounting convergence: Quality, acceptability and enforeability of International Financial
Reporting Standards in Nigeria. An Unpublished Masters of Science in International Accounting Projecy Submitted to
Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business. No. 811056. University of Utara Malaysia :1-106.
14) Eleng, D. M. & Bassey, E. U. (2018). IFRS adoption: A panacea for improving financial reporting credibility, International
Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 5 (2): 874-881.
15) FASB (2010). Conceptual framework for financial accounting reporting. Financial Accounting Standards Board.
16) Gjerde, Ø., Knivsflå, K. & Sættem, F. (2008). The value-relevance of adopting IFRS: Evidence from 145 NGAAP
restatements, Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 17 (2): 92-112.
17) Gyimah, P. (2021). IFRS Adoption and Earnings Quality in Sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of Accounting
Research, 9 (198): 1 – 6.
18) Hassan, S. U. (2015). Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards and earnings quality in listed deposit
money banks in Nigeria. Procedia Economics and Finance (28): 92-101
19) Hayfa, C., Nadia, S. T. & Sarra, E. H. (2013). The effect of IFRS on earnings quality in a European stock market: Evidence
from France, Interdisciplinary Journal of Research in Business, 2 (12):35 – 47.
20) Hessayri, M. & Saihi, M. (2015). Monitoring earnings management in emerging markets: IFRS adoption and ownership
structure, Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 31 (2), 86-108.
21) Hung, M. & Subramanyam, K. R. (2007). Financial statement effects of adopting International accounting standards: The
case of Germany, Review of Accounting Studies. 12: 623-657.
22) IASB (2010). Conceptual framework for financial reporting. International Accounting Standards Board.
23) Iyoha, F. & Jimoh, J. (2011). Institutional infrastructure and the Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standard
(IFRS) in Nigeria. School of doctoral studies (European Union) Journal, pg18.
24) Jermakowicz, E. K. (2004). Effects of adoption of international financial reporting standards in Belgium: The evidence
from BEL-20 companies. Accounting in Europe, 1 (1), 51-70.
25) Jones, J. J. (1991). Earnings management during import relief investigations, Journal of Accounting Research. 193-228.
26) Kenneth E. O. (2012). Adoption of IFRS and financial statements effects: The Perceived Implications on FDI and Nigeria
Economy. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, 2 (5): 76-83
27) Lamidi, N. A. (2019). International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and the quality of financial statements (A study
on First bank of Nigeria Plc), Project, National Open University of Nigeria.
28) Malaolu, V. A. Ogbuabor, J. E. & Orji, A. (2013). Determinants of stock price movements in Nigeria: Evidence from
monetary variables. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development 4 (14): 61 – 66.
29) Nwaubani, A. N. & Okoro, C. O. (2019). Adoption of international financial reporting standards (IFRS) and assets quality
in the Nigerian banking sector: The fundamental effect approach, Journal of Business and Economic Management 7 (3):
084-093.
30) Ogunmakin, A. A., Fajuyagbe, B. S. & Akinleye, M. J. (2021). Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards
(IFRS) and financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Management & Accounting Review, 20 (1): 155 –
175.
31) Okpala, K. E. (2012). Adoption of IFRS and financial statements effects: The Perceived Implications on FDI and Nigeria
Economy. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research 2 (5), 76-83.
32) Olfa, N., Emma, B. & Salem, I. O. (2013). IAS – IFRS adoption impact on accounting information: The case of France,
Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing, 9 (3):321 – 334.
33) Onafalujo, A., Eke, P. & Akinlabi, B. (2011). Impact of International Financial Reporting Standards onInsurance
management in Nigeria. Middle Eastern Finance and Economics: 14502889 Issue2 Euro Journals Publishing, Inc. 2011
http://www.eurojournals.com/MEFE.htm.
34) Onalo, U. K. & Kaseri, A. (2014). The effects of changes in accounting standards on earnings management of Malaysia
and Nigeria banks. European Journal of Accounting Auditing and Finance Research, 2 (8), 15-42.
35) Outa, E. R. (2011). The Impact of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption on the accounting quality
of listed companies in Kenya. International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting, 1 (1), 212 - 241.
36) Oyedele, T. (2011). An overview of IFRS and challenges posed to professionals. A paper presented at a seminar on IFRS
Adoption in Nigeria. The Chartered Institute of Taxation in Nigeria.
37) Ozili, P. K. (2015). Loan Loss Provisioning, Income Smoothing, Signaling, Capital Management and Procyclicality: Does
IFRS Matter? Empirical Evidence from Nigeria, Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6 (2), 224-232.
38) Paananen, M. (2008). The IFRS adoption’s effect on accounting quality in Sweden? University of Hertfordshire, Working
Paper. Retrieved on 8 August, 2021 from https://ssrn.com/abstract=1097659
39) Paananen, M. & Lin, H. (2009). The development of accounting quality of IAS and IFRS over time: The case of Germany,
Journal of International accounting research, 8 (1), 31-55.
40) Paul, A., Peter, W. & Dan, Y. (2012). Voluntary adoption of IFRS: A study of determinants for UK unlisted firms
compatibilities of innovation. May 2012. France, pp.cd-rom, hal-00935013> Retrieved on 4 August, 2021.
41) Rao, A. & Warsame, M. (2014). Effect of IFRS on the Emerging African Capital Markets. Available at SSRN: 2684579.
42) Sanni, M. R. (2015). Evaluation of the adoption of adoption of IFRS in quoted Nigerian Oil and Gas industry. Post – field
PhD seminar, OAU, Ile – Ife, Nigeria.
43) Sanni, M. R. & Adereti, S. A. (2018). The adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards and the earnings
quality of Zenith Bank Nigeria Plc. Crawford Journal of Business & Social Sciences (CJBASS), VIII (11): 72 – 83.
44) Sanni, M. R. &Elumilade, D. O. (2016). Evaluation of the adoption of International Reporting Standards on the financial
performance of Nigerian quoted Oil and Gas firms. Conference paper, 4th International Conference of Department of
Management and Accounting, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile – Ife, Nigeria.
45) Sanni, M. R. (2016). Evaluation of the International Financial Reporting Standards in the Nigerian quoted oil and gas
industry. PhD post – field thesis, OAU, Ile – Ife, Nigeria.
46) SEC (2008). Roadmap for the potential use of financial statements prepared in accordance with International Financial
Reporting Standards by US Issuers. Securities and Exchange Commission, Washington DC.
47) Syarifuddin, G. P. & Davrvis- Said, A. (2015). IFRS convergence and the impact to earnings quality and firm value:
Empirical study in manufacturing companies that have been listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange, Journal of Research
in Business and Management, 3 (8), 12 -17.
48) Tanko, M. (2012). The Effect of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Adoption on the performance of firms
in Nigeria, Journal of Administrative and Economics Science, 5 (2), 133-157.
49) Umobong, A. A. & Akani, D. (2015). IFRS adoption and accounting quality of quoted manufacturing firms in Nigeria: A
cross sectional study of brewery and cement manufacturing firms. International Journal of Business and Management
Review, 3 (6), 61-77.
50) Uwuigbe, U., Uyoyoghene, A. L., Jafaru, J., Uwuigbe, O. R. & Jimoh, R. (2017). IFRS adoption and earnings predictability:
evidence from listed banks in Nigeria. Banks and Bank Systems, 12 (1), 165 – 174.
51) Van Tendeloo, B. & Vanstraelen, A. (2005). Earnings management under German GAAP versus IFRS, European
Accounting Review, 14 (1): 155 – 180.
52) Wen, Q., Michelle, F. & Judy, O. (2012). Does IFRS convergence improve quality of accounting information? Evidence
from the Chinese stock market. Corporate Ownership & Control, 9 (4): 187 -, 196.
53) Yeboah, B. & Yeboah, M. (2015). When Is Accounting Quality Improved? Assessing the Earnings Management Effect of
IFRS for South Africa, International Journal of Accounting and Financial Management Research, 5 (2), 1-16.
54) Zhang, G. (2000). Accounting information, capital investment decisions and equity valuation: Theory empirical
implications. Journal of Accounting Research, 38, 271 – 295.
55) Shien & Yazdanifard, (2014). Relationship Marketing Vs. Internet Marketing; which one, Global Journal of Management
and Business Research: E Marketing, 14 (7), 40-48
56) Singh R. & Khan I. (2012), “An Approach to Increase Customer Retention and Loyalty in B2C World”, International
Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 2 (6).
57) Tezinde, T., Smith, B. & Murphy, J. (2002), “Getting permission: exploring factors affecting permission marketing”,
Journal of Interactive Marketing, 16(4), 28-36.
58) Wang, M. H., Yang, T. Y. & Chen, Y. S. (2016). How workers engage in social networking sites at work: A uses and
gratification expectancy perspective. The International Journal of Organizational Innovation, 8(4), 161-176.
59) Xiang, Z., Gretzel, U. & Fesenmaier, D. R. (2009). Semantic representation of the online tourism domain. Journal of
Travel Research.
60) Yazdanparast, A., Joseph, M. & Muniz, F. (2016), Consumer based brand equity in the 21st century: An examination of
the role of social media marketing. Young Consumers, 17 (3), 243-255